{"id":59053,"date":"2023-02-01T08:26:35","date_gmt":"2023-02-01T07:26:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/kondensatory-jak-to-dziala-zasady-dzialania-i-zastosowanie\/"},"modified":"2023-07-14T09:30:02","modified_gmt":"2023-07-14T07:30:02","slug":"kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\/","title":{"rendered":"Kondenz\u00e1tory &#8211; jak funguj\u00ed? Z\u00e1sady fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a pou\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 8<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"59053\" class=\"elementor elementor-59053 elementor-2043\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4c7d714 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4c7d714\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2c82087\" data-id=\"2c82087\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f7b989 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"4f7b989\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/51-kondenzatory\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Kondenz\u00e1tory - ceny<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b06883 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b06883\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Jak kondenz\u00e1tor funguje?<\/h2>\n<p>Za n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed v\u00fdvoje <a href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/12-elektronika\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">elektroniky <\/a>se na trhu objevily tis\u00edce skupin a druh\u016f elektronick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek. N\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou vylo\u017een\u011b exotick\u00e9, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se pouze v p\u0159esn\u011b vymezen\u00fdch, \u00fazk\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch aplikac\u00ed a jsou k dispozici pouze ur\u010dit\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem.\nJin\u00e9 naopak tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1klad, bez n\u011bho\u017e si nelze p\u0159edstavit \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd elektronick\u00fd obvod, ani ten nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed.\n <a href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/51-kondenzatory\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">Kondenz\u00e1tory<\/a> nepochybn\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed do druh\u00e9 skupiny,  <b> <\/b>tj. t\u0159et\u00ed<b> <\/b>&#8211;<b> <\/b>krom\u011b <a href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/50-rezistory-rezistory\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">rezistor\u016f <\/a>a <a href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/56-tlumivky\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">c\u00edvek<\/a> &#8211;<b> <\/b>podskupina pasivn\u00edch prvk\u016f ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako pasivn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Aplikace kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f<\/strong> v elektrotechnice i mimo ni<\/h2>\n<p>Tyto komponenty jsou univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed. <strong>Pou\u017eit\u00ed kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f<\/strong> je tak \u0161irok\u00e9, \u017ee nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 vyjmenovat v\u0161echny mo\u017en\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e pou\u017eit\u00ed.\nTakov\u00fd v\u00fd\u010det by ani nem\u011bl velk\u00fd smysl &#8211; proto m\u00edsto v\u00fd\u010dtu aplikac\u00ed v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku p\u0159edstav\u00edme nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pracovn\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f v praxi.\nKoneckonc\u016f nic neilustruje vlastnosti prvku l\u00e9pe ne\u017e p\u0159\u00edklady re\u00e1ln\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed.\nChcete v\u011bd\u011bt, <strong>jak\u00e9 typy kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f<\/strong> existuj\u00ed?\nPokud ano, \u010dt\u011bte d\u00e1le!    <\/p>\n<h2>Co je to kondenz\u00e1tor?\nK \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 kondenz\u00e1tor? <\/h2>\n<p>Co je to<strong>  kondenz\u00e1tor?\nDefinice <\/strong>  uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o elektrickou nebo elektronickou sou\u010d\u00e1stku, kter\u00e1 byla vytvo\u0159ena z dvojice vodi\u010d\u016f, tzv. kryt\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly odd\u011bleny dielektrikem.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Konstrukce a princip \u010dinnosti kondenz\u00e1toru jsou trivi\u00e1ln\u011b jednoduch\u00e9<\/strong> &#8211; dv\u011b roviny vodi\u010de (obvykle kovu), odborn\u011b naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 kryty, jsou od sebe odd\u011bleny tenkou vrstvou dielektrika (izolantu).\nKdy\u017e na n\u011b p\u0159ivedeme stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, hromad\u00ed se na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch krytech n\u00e1boje opa\u010dn\u00fdch znam\u00e9nek &#8211; to je \u00fa\u010dinek homogenn\u00edho elektrick\u00e9ho pole, kter\u00e9 mezi nimi vznik\u00e1.\nKdy\u017e kondenz\u00e1tor odpoj\u00edme od zdroje nap\u011bt\u00ed, n\u00e1boje nahromad\u011bn\u00e9 na krytech z\u016fstanou &#8211; \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me, \u017ee kondenz\u00e1tor byl nabit.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8358ce6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8358ce6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/kondensator-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"kondensator\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTYzOTksInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmN6XC9ibG9nXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDE5XC8xMVwva29uZGVuc2F0b3ItMS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"576\" height=\"496\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/kondensator-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-56399\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/kondensator-1.jpg 576w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/kondensator-1-300x258.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Kondenz\u00e1tory a dal\u0161\u00ed pasivn\u00ed komponenty ve spole\u010dnosti Botland<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fae6422 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2fae6422\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/252-pasivni-prvky\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">POD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a4d7ca3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7a4d7ca3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>M\u011b\u0159\u00edtkem mno\u017estv\u00ed n\u00e1boje, kter\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tor dok\u00e1\u017ee uchovat, je jeho kapacita.\nVyjad\u0159uje se ve faradech (F), i kdy\u017e naprost\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f m\u00e1 kapacitu mnohem men\u0161\u00ed, \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b v biliontin\u00e1ch (pF &#8211; pikofarad), miliardtin\u00e1ch (nF &#8211; nanofarad) nebo miliontin\u00e1ch (uF &#8211; mikrofarad) z\u00e1kladn\u00ed jednotky.\nP\u0159edstav\u00edme-li si kondenz\u00e1tor jako dv\u011b ploch\u00e9, rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 desky s povrchem S, vyrovnan\u00e9 ve vzd\u00e1lenosti d, m\u016f\u017eeme vypo\u010d\u00edtat kapacitu C kondenz\u00e1toru ze vzorce:  <\/p>\n<h5>C = <sub>\u03b50<\/sub> <sub>\u03b5r<\/sub> S \/ d<\/h5>\n<p>Konstanta <sub>\u03b50<\/sub> je tzv. dielektrick\u00e1 permeabilita vakua (rovn\u00e1 se p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 8,85 * 10-12 F\/m).\nKonstanta \u03b50 je tzv. dielektrick\u00e1 permeabilita vakua (rovn\u00e1 se p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 8,85 * <sup> 10-12 <\/sup>F\/m), zat\u00edmco <sub>\u03b5r<\/sub> je relativn\u00ed dielektrick\u00e1 permeabilita pou\u017eit\u00e9ho dielektrika.\nJak je vid\u011bt, kapacitu kondenz\u00e1toru m\u016f\u017eeme ovlivnit zm\u011bnou t\u0159\u00ed parametr\u016f: plochy kryt\u016f, vzd\u00e1lenosti mezi nimi a permeability izolantu.\nChceme-li kondenz\u00e1tor s vysokou kapacitou, m\u011bli bychom pou\u017e\u00edt velk\u00e9 kryty, zmen\u0161it vzd\u00e1lenost mezi nimi a pou\u017e\u00edt co &#8220;nejlep\u0161\u00ed&#8221; dielektrikum.\nNic v\u0161ak nen\u00ed zadarmo: zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00edm plochy kryt\u016f nevyhnuteln\u011b zv\u011bt\u0161\u00edme velikost kondenz\u00e1toru, zat\u00edmco zmen\u0161en\u00edm vzd\u00e1lenosti mezi kryty sn\u00ed\u017e\u00edme maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed, s n\u00edm\u017e m\u016f\u017ee kondenz\u00e1tor pracovat.\nU velmi tenk\u00e9 vrstvy dielektrika sta\u010d\u00ed i mal\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed k tomu, aby prorazilo tenk\u00fd izol\u00e1tor a zp\u016fsobilo zkrat nebo &#8211; zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno &#8211; nevratn\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed kondenz\u00e1toru.     <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7ba7b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7ba7b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Struktura kondenz\u00e1toru<\/h3>\n<p>Kondenz\u00e1tor &#8211; konstrukce: <strong>Jak se s t\u011bmito probl\u00e9my vypo\u0159\u00e1dali konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f<\/strong>? V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tzv.\nV p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tzv. filmov\u00fdch kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f maj\u00ed kryty podobu dlouh\u00fdch p\u00e1s\u016f tenk\u00e9 kovov\u00e9 f\u00f3lie, odd\u011blen\u00fdch stejn\u011b dlouh\u00fdm a tenk\u00fdm p\u00e1sem f\u00f3lie z vhodn\u00e9ho plastu.\nSestaven\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti se pak pevn\u011b smotaj\u00ed dohromady a po spojen\u00ed v\u00fdvod\u016f (vodi\u010d\u016f) a zalit\u00ed celku speci\u00e1ln\u00ed prysky\u0159ic\u00ed vznikne kone\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdrobek, vysoce kvalitn\u00ed kondenz\u00e1tor.  <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d5f7b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9d5f7b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"158\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/kondensator-300x158.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-56398\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/kondensator-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/kondensator.jpg 735w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb0db8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cb0db8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Elektrolytick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory maj\u00ed pon\u011bkud odli\u0161nou strukturu &#8211; jejich kapacity jsou mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee roli dielektrika hraje chemicky vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 tenk\u00e1 vrstva oxidu na povrchu jednoho z obal\u016f.<br \/>\n\u00dalohu druh\u00e9ho krytu hraje elektrolyt, kter\u00fd pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 oxid a tvo\u0159\u00ed rozhran\u00ed mezi dielektrikem a druh\u00fdm prou\u017ekem hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 f\u00f3lie. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa0a76d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fa0a76d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/forbot.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/kurs_elektroniki_kondensatory_elektrolityczne_ceramiczne_inne.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"461\" height=\"307\"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>D\u00edky extr\u00e9mn\u011b mal\u00e9 tlou\u0161\u0165ce oxidu a velk\u00e9 plo\u0161e kryt\u016f (dosa\u017een\u00e9 chemick\u00fdm lept\u00e1n\u00edm kovov\u00e9 f\u00f3lie) jsou kapacity elektrolytick\u00fdch kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f velmi vysok\u00e9 &#8211; zde plat\u00ed obecn\u00e9 pravidlo, \u017ee pokud se dva kondenz\u00e1tory podobn\u00e9ho objemu li\u0161\u00ed kapacitou, m\u00e1 kondenz\u00e1tor s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kapacitou obvykle ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 provozn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed.\nPrincip &#8220;kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 deky&#8221;, tj. technologick\u00e9ho kompromisu, zde d\u00e1v\u00e1 o sob\u011b v\u011bd\u011bt obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 z\u0159eteln\u011b. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Kondenz\u00e1tor &#8211; symbol<\/strong>: pamatujte, \u017ee symbol kondenz\u00e1toru v elektrick\u00fdch sch\u00e9matech jsou obvykle dv\u011b svisl\u00e9 paraleln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1rky.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Symbol kondenz\u00e1toru<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Nezapome\u0148te, \u017ee symbol kondenz\u00e1toru v elektrick\u00fdch sch\u00e9matech jsou obvykle dv\u011b svisl\u00e9 paraleln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1rky.\nV z\u00e1vislosti na typu mohou vypadat n\u00e1sledovn\u011b: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>kondenz\u00e1tor pevn\u00fd<\/strong> nepolarizovan\u00fd<\/li>\n<li>polarizovan\u00fd kondenz\u00e1tor (elektrolytick\u00fd)<\/li>\n<li>variabiln\u00ed\/nastaviteln\u00fd kondenz\u00e1tor\/trimmer<\/li>\n<li>Ladic\u00ed kondenz\u00e1tor\/trimmer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67d045c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"67d045c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/kondensatory-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"kondensatory\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NTUxMTcsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmN6XC9ibG9nXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDE5XC8xMVwva29uZGVuc2F0b3J5LTEuanBnIn0%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"280\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/kondensatory-1-768x280.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-55117\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/kondensatory-1-768x280.jpg 768w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/kondensatory-1-300x110.jpg 300w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/kondensatory-1-1024x374.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/kondensatory-1-1536x561.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/kondensatory-1-640x234.jpg 640w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/kondensatory-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-746048f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"746048f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4>Typy kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f<\/h4>\n<p><strong>Kondenz\u00e1tor &#8211; typy<\/strong>: Ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 <strong>filmov\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory<\/strong> se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed dobrou stabilitou parametr\u016f (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kapacity) a jsou schopny pracovat i p\u0159i vysok\u00fdch nap\u011bt\u00edch (\u0159\u00e1dov\u011b n\u011bkolik set volt\u016f).\nZ tohoto d\u016fvodu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch nap\u00e1jec\u00edch obvodech.\nKapacity f\u00f3liov\u00fdch kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f se pohybuj\u00ed od p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 nF a\u017e po maxim\u00e1ln\u011b n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek mikrofarad\u016f.  <\/p>\n<p><strong>Elektrolytick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory<\/strong> nab\u00edzej\u00ed velmi vysok\u00e9 kapacity (od jednotliv\u00fdch mikrofarad\u016f a\u017e po n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek farad\u016f &#8211; v posledn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hovo\u0159\u00edme o tzv. superkondenz\u00e1torech).\nTo je v\u0161ak obvykle vykoupeno bu\u010f velk\u00fdmi rozm\u011bry, nebo n\u00edzk\u00fdm maxim\u00e1ln\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00edm.\nTyto typy kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f maj\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b malou p\u0159esnost kapacity (\u010dasto v \u0159\u00e1du +\/- 20 %) a vykazuj\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00e9 kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto parametru v z\u00e1vislosti na okoln\u00ed teplot\u011b, provozn\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00ed a&#8230; \u010dase, tj. &#8211; zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno &#8211; maj\u00ed tendenci st\u00e1rnout.\nRozli\u0161ujeme dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed skupiny elektrolytick\u00fdch kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f: hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 (levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale s pon\u011bkud hor\u0161\u00edmi parametry) a tantalov\u00e9 (drah\u00e9, ale \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9).\nZa zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159edn\u00ed v\u00fdrobci kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f neust\u00e1le pracuj\u00ed na nov\u00fdch typech kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f, konstruk\u010dn\u011b podobn\u00fdch v sou\u010dasnosti pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm sou\u010d\u00e1stk\u00e1m, ale nab\u00edzej\u00edc\u00edch je\u0161t\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 parametry.\nElektrolytick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory jsou k dispozici jako sou\u010d\u00e1stky pro pr\u016fchoz\u00ed (THT) i povrchovou mont\u00e1\u017e (SMD).\nSchematick\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed elektrolytick\u00e9ho kondenz\u00e1toru se od ostatn\u00edch typ\u016f kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f li\u0161\u00ed d\u00edky tzv. polarit\u011b &#8211; tu jsme podrobn\u011bji popsali zde.\nTa je podrobn\u011bji pops\u00e1na d\u00e1le v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku.       <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db47e65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"db47e65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/51-kondenzatory\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"192\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/16730_2-300x192.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-54606\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/16730_2-300x192.jpg 300w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/16730_2-1024x655.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/16730_2-768x491.jpg 768w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/16730_2-640x409.jpg 640w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/16730_2.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">4700uF\/25V 16x25mm 105C THT elektrolytick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e10cd0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e10cd0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u0159et\u00ed &#8211; krom\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch &#8211; nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvanou skupinou kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f jsou <strong>keramick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory<\/strong>.<br \/>\nJejich konstrukce je do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry podobn\u00e1 konstrukci filmov\u00fdch kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f, i kdy\u017e &#8211; vzhledem ke k\u0159ehkosti keramiky &#8211; nejsou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b povrchy sto\u010deny do spir\u00e1ly, ale jsou uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny tak\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc &#8220;paraleln\u011b&#8221; v podob\u011b v\u00edcevrstv\u00e9ho &#8220;sendvi\u010de&#8221;.<br \/>\nTyto kondenz\u00e1tory se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi kapacitami mezi v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdmi druhy prvk\u016f (od jednoho pikofaradu a\u017e po n\u011bkolik mikrofarad\u016f), ale maj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 jsou z praktick\u00e9ho hlediska velmi v\u00fdhodn\u00e9: nab\u00edzej\u00ed dobrou (nebo dokonce vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed) teplotn\u00ed stabilitu, malou toleranci kapacity (tj. p\u0159esn\u011b &#8220;dr\u017e\u00ed&#8221; jmenovitou kapacitu udanou v\u00fdrobcem) a n\u00edzk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty.<br \/>\nKondenz\u00e1tory lze op\u011bt nal\u00e9zt jak v pr\u016fchoz\u00edch, tak v povrchov\u00fdch pouzdrech.<br \/>\nProto\u017ee &#8211; stejn\u011b jako u filmov\u00fdch kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f &#8211; ani keramick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory nemaj\u00ed specifick\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed polarity, jejich symbol se neli\u0161\u00ed od symbolu pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho pro filmov\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory.    <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fb6996 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6fb6996\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/51-kondenzatory\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/kondensatory-ceramiczne-300x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-54605\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/kondensatory-ceramiczne-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/kondensatory-ceramiczne-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/kondensatory-ceramiczne.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Keramick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory 47nF\/50V<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f650c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f650c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Polarita elektrolytick\u00fdch kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f aneb jak je zapojit, aby nedo\u0161lo k v\u00fdbuchu<\/h2>\n<p>Ano, je to pravda &#8211; elektrolytick\u00fd kondenz\u00e1tor (zejm\u00e9na v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch rozm\u011br\u016f) m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159i nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed explodovat.\nExistuj\u00ed dva hlavn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e zapojen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 elektrolytika &#8220;nezvl\u00e1dne&#8221;.\nPrvn\u00ed, jako u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho kondenz\u00e1toru (a nejen u n\u011bj), zahrnuje p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho provozn\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed.\nElektrolytick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory jsou na to obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b &#8220;citliv\u00e9&#8221;, a to kv\u016fli v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 velmi mal\u00e9 tlou\u0161\u0165ce dielektrika.\nZat\u00edmco v\u0161ak u kondenz\u00e1toru o\u0161et\u0159en\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm obvykle dojde k vnit\u0159n\u00edmu zkratu (co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee de facto v\u00e9st k v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed cel\u00e9ho obvodu), je\u0161t\u011b nevhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je p\u0159ipojovat elektrolytick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory k nap\u011bt\u00edm opa\u010dn\u00e9 polarity, ne\u017e jak\u00e1 je uvedena na ozna\u010den\u00ed svorek na pouzdrech t\u011bchto prvk\u016f.    <\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2121\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/capacitor-24521_1280-1024x843.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"439\" height=\"361\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/capacitor-24521_1280-1024x843.png 1024w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/capacitor-24521_1280-300x247.png 300w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/capacitor-24521_1280-768x632.png 768w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/capacitor-24521_1280-640x527.png 640w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/capacitor-24521_1280.png 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 439px) 100vw, 439px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>Tato &#8220;citlivost&#8221; elektrolytick\u00fdch kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f je zp\u016fsobena chov\u00e1n\u00edm kapaln\u00e9ho elektrolytu &#8211; zp\u011btn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed vede k rychl\u00e9 tvorb\u011b plyn\u016f, jejich\u017e p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit explozi pouzdra kondenz\u00e1toru.\nZ tohoto d\u016fvodu by se elektrolytick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory nem\u011bly pou\u017e\u00edvat v oblastech obvodu, kde polarita nap\u011bt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee dosahovat r\u016fzn\u00fdch znam\u00e9nek (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm to plat\u00ed pro st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e1 nap\u011bt\u00ed).\nNa okraj dodejme, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 naj\u00edt speci\u00e1ln\u00ed elektrolytick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory uzp\u016fsoben\u00e9 pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v obvodech s prom\u011bnnou polaritou (stejn\u011b jako techniky pro spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed klasick\u00fdch &#8220;elektrolyt\u016f&#8221; v nich) &#8211; v\u011bt\u0161inou je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9 zvl\u00e1dnout n\u00e1vrh obvodu bez pot\u0159eby takov\u00fdch vyn\u00e1lez\u016f.  <\/p>\n<h2>Nab\u00edjen\u00ed a vyb\u00edjen\u00ed kondenz\u00e1toru &#8211;<strong> jak p\u0159ipojit kondenz\u00e1tor?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Teoreticky <strong>by si kondenz\u00e1tor m\u011bl udr\u017eet stav nabit\u00ed po libovoln\u011b dlouhou dobu, pokud nen\u00ed p\u0159ipojen k z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei, kter\u00e1 by zp\u016fsobila pr\u016ftok proudu a vybit\u00ed kondenz\u00e1toru<\/strong> (pokles nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi kryty kondenz\u00e1toru na nulu).\nJak u\u017e to v praxi b\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 situace nen\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>I kdy\u017e je kondenz\u00e1tor zcela odpojen od zbytku obvodu, stejn\u011b po ur\u010dit\u00e9 dob\u011b projde tzv. samovyb\u00edjen\u00edm &#8211; to je zp\u016fsobeno neide\u00e1ln\u00edmi vlastnostmi dielektrika, kter\u00fdm m\u016f\u017ee v\u017edy prot\u00e9kat ur\u010dit\u00fd (sice zanedbateln\u00fd, ale p\u0159esto) proud.\nTo je zp\u016fsobeno neide\u00e1ln\u00edmi vlastnostmi dielektrika, kter\u00fdm m\u016f\u017ee v\u017edy prot\u00e9kat ur\u010dit\u00fd (zanedbateln\u00fd, ale p\u0159esto) proud.\nRozsah tohoto jevu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na typu dielektrika a konstrukci kondenz\u00e1toru.  <\/p>\n<p>Pokud je naopak kondenz\u00e1tor p\u0159ipojen k z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei (nap\u0159. rezistoru), nap\u011bt\u00ed na n\u011bm klesne a doba poklesu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na hodnot\u011b vyb\u00edjec\u00edho proudu.\n\u010c\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je (ekvivalentn\u00ed) odpor z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee nebo kapacita kondenz\u00e1toru, t\u00edm del\u0161\u00ed je doba vyb\u00edjen\u00ed do ur\u010dit\u00e9 hodnoty.\nProto\u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b toto pracovn\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed (nab\u00edjen\u00ed a vyb\u00edjen\u00ed p\u0159es s\u00e9riov\u00fd odpor) se v praktick\u00fdch obvodech vyskytuje velmi \u010dasto, je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 si zapamatovat u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd vzorec:  <\/p>\n<h5>\u03c4 = RC<\/h5>\n<p>kde \u03c4 je tzv.\nje \u010dasov\u00e1 konstanta, kter\u00e1 ur\u010duje dobu, za kterou nap\u011bt\u00ed klesne (p\u0159i vyb\u00edjen\u00ed) nebo stoupne (p\u0159i nab\u00edjen\u00ed) o cca.\n63,2 % maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty.\nNap\u0159\u00edklad je-li kondenz\u00e1tor 100 uF nab\u00edjen rezistorem 20 k\u03a9 nap\u011bt\u00edm 10 V, po \u010dase rovn\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9 konstant\u011b \u03c4:   <\/p>\n<h5>\u03c4 = 100 * 10^-6 * 20 * 10^3 = 2 s<\/h5>\n<p>nap\u011bt\u00ed na kondenz\u00e1toru dos\u00e1hne 63,2 % nap\u00e1jec\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed, tj. 6,32 V.<\/p>\n<p>Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee (ne)nab\u00edjen\u00ed kondenz\u00e1toru rezistorem je siln\u011b neline\u00e1rn\u00ed.\nP\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno, pr\u016fb\u011bhy nap\u011bt\u00ed (a tak\u00e9 proud\u016f) maj\u00ed tvar exponenci\u00e1ln\u00ed k\u0159ivky.\nV n\u011bkter\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout line\u00e1rn\u00edho (rovnom\u011brn\u00e9ho) n\u00e1r\u016fstu nebo poklesu nap\u011bt\u00ed na kondenz\u00e1toru &#8211; to je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed zdroje proudu p\u0159\u00edmo s kondenz\u00e1torem.   Takto funguj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory a syst\u00e9my tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed pulz\u016f.<\/p>\n<h2>P\u0159ipojen\u00ed kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f<\/h2>\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako rezistory mohou b\u00fdt i <strong>kondenz\u00e1tory zapojeny s\u00e9riov\u011b nebo tak\u00e9 paraleln\u011b<\/strong>. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b paraleln\u00edho zapojen\u00ed je v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 (ekvivalentn\u00ed) kapacita obvodu sou\u010dtem jednotliv\u00fdch kapacit, tj: <\/p>\n<h5>Cw = C1 + C2 + &#8230; Cn<\/h5>\n<p>Kapacitu s\u00e9riov\u00e9ho zapojen\u00ed lze zase vypo\u010d\u00edtat podle vzorce:<\/p>\n<h5>Cw = 1 \/ (1\/C1 + 1\/C2 + &#8230; 1\/Cn)<\/h5>\n<p>Stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku, \u017ee v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fd tvar\nje p\u0159esn\u011b opa\u010dn\u00fd ne\u017e zp\u016fsob zapojen\u00ed rezistor\u016f (kde je v\u00fdsledkem s\u00e9riov\u00e9ho zapojen\u00ed sou\u010det jednotliv\u00fdch odpor\u016f). <\/p>\n<h2>Kondenz\u00e1tor &#8211; k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1?\nFiltrace nap\u00e1jec\u00edho zdroje <\/h2>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch, nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edch a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch kondenz\u00e1torov\u00fdch provozn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f je <strong>filtrace a odpojen\u00ed<\/strong> zdroje.\nFiltrov\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed nebo &#8211; jednodu\u0161eji &#8211; &#8220;vyhlazov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; nap\u00e1jec\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed je umo\u017en\u011bno kapacitou kondenz\u00e1toru.\nNabit\u00fd kondenz\u00e1tor, p\u0159ipojen\u00fd paraleln\u011b k nap\u00e1jec\u00edmu nap\u011bt\u00ed obvodu nebo jeho \u010d\u00e1sti, je schopen rychle odevzdat pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie, pokud se nap\u00e1jec\u00ed proud dan\u00e9ho obvodu v dan\u00e9m okam\u017eiku zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed.\nMal\u00e9, keramick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory se l\u00e9pe vyrovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed s mal\u00fdmi, ale velmi rychl\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami, zat\u00edmco velk\u00e9 elektrolytick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory nejsou schopny &#8220;vid\u011bt&#8221; mal\u00e9, rychl\u00e9 zm\u011bny, ale jsou schopny se mnohem snadn\u011bji vyrovnat s moment\u00e1ln\u00ed podporou nap\u00e1jen\u00ed p\u0159i poklesu nap\u00e1jen\u00ed.   <\/p>\n<p>Proto se v nap\u00e1jec\u00edch obvodech pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 paraleln\u00ed zapojen\u00ed obou typ\u016f kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f.\nOdd\u011blen\u00ed je obecn\u00fd term\u00edn pro metody &#8220;odd\u011blen\u00ed&#8221; jednotliv\u00fdch blok\u016f za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed tak, aby se ru\u0161en\u00ed generovan\u00e9 jedn\u00edm obvodem nep\u0159en\u00e1\u0161elo do druh\u00e9ho p\u0159es nap\u00e1jec\u00ed li\u0161ty.\nZ\u00e1kladn\u00ed metodou odd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed je mont\u00e1\u017e keramick\u00fdch kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f v bl\u00edzkosti nap\u00e1jec\u00edch svorek integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f.  <\/p>\n<h2><strong>Jak vybrat kondenz\u00e1tor <\/strong>pro nap\u00e1jec\u00ed syst\u00e9m?<\/h2>\n<p>V praxi se nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed keramick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory o kapacit\u011b 47..100 nF (odd\u011blovac\u00ed a vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00ed filtrace) a elektrolytick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory s kapacitou z\u00e1vislou na odeb\u00edran\u00e9m proudu.\nNap\u0159\u00edklad pro v\u011bt\u0161inu mikrokontrol\u00e9r\u016f posta\u010duj\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed elektrolytick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory o kapacit\u011b \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b 10uF a nap\u00e1jec\u00ed obvody velk\u00fdch audio zesilova\u010d\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed cel\u00e9 v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1torov\u00e9 baterie s kapacitami mnoha tis\u00edc mikrofarad\u016f. <\/p>\n<h2>Kondenz\u00e1tor &#8211; k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1?\n&#8211; Filtra\u010dn\u00ed prvek sign\u00e1lu <\/h2>\n<p>Pokud m\u00e1te po ruce rezistor a kondenz\u00e1tor, m\u016f\u017eete z t\u011bchto dvou prvk\u016f snadno sestavit pom\u011brn\u011b slu\u0161n\u00e9, i kdy\u017e jednoduch\u00e9 <strong>filtry, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed tvarovat frekven\u010dn\u00ed charakteristiky sign\u00e1l\u016f<\/strong>.\nZaj\u00edmav\u00e9 a d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee zp\u016fsob fungov\u00e1n\u00ed filtru z\u00e1vis\u00ed na propojen\u00ed obou prvk\u016f, zat\u00edmco elektrick\u00e9 parametry z\u00e1vis\u00ed na odporu rezistoru a kapacit\u011b kondenz\u00e1toru.\nHornopropustn\u00fd filtr propou\u0161t\u00ed sign\u00e1ly s frekvenc\u00ed (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b) nad ur\u010ditou mezn\u00ed frekvenc\u00ed, kterou lze vypo\u010d\u00edtat ze vzorce, beze zm\u011bny:  <\/p>\n<h5>f [Hz] = 1 \/ (2 pi R[\u03a9] C[F])<\/h5>\n<p>Dolnopropustn\u00fd filtr naopak &#8220;od\u0159\u00edzne&#8221; (tj. utlum\u00ed) vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00ed sign\u00e1ly, zat\u00edmco stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed a frekvence pod mezn\u00ed hodnotou (de facto definovanou stejn\u00fdm vzorcem jako u hornopropustn\u00e9ho filtru) z\u016fstanou beze zm\u011bny.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00edky mo\u017enosti prakticky libovoln\u00e9ho tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed charakteristik RC filtr\u016f jsou tyto obvody velmi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 prakticky v cel\u00e9 elektronice.<\/p>\n<h2>LC obvody &#8211; induktory a kondenz\u00e1tory<\/h2>\n<p>Kondenz\u00e1tory jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed LC obvod\u016f &#8211; kombinace induktoru a kondenz\u00e1toru m\u00e1 toti\u017e obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 vlastnosti.\nParametry takov\u00e9ho obvodu (s\u00e9riov\u00e9ho i paraleln\u00edho) se tak\u00e9 &#8211; podobn\u011b jako u RC obvodu &#8211; m\u011bn\u00ed s frekvenc\u00ed sign\u00e1lu, ale radik\u00e1ln\u011b odli\u0161n\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem.\nNap\u0159\u00edklad paraleln\u00ed obvod v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje svou impedanci pro sign\u00e1ly na tzv. rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvenci a sni\u017euje ji pro sign\u00e1ly na rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvenci.\nNap\u0159\u00edklad paraleln\u00ed obvod v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje svou impedanci pro sign\u00e1ly na tzv. rezonan\u010dn\u00ed frekvenci a sni\u017euje ji pro ostatn\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky p\u00e1sma.\nLC obvody byly kdysi velmi obl\u00edben\u00e9 v mnoha za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, zejm\u00e9na v r\u00e1diov\u00fdch obvodech.\nDnes se vzhledem k vysok\u00e9mu stupni integrace obvod\u016f transceiver\u016f takov\u00e9 obvody pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v mnohem men\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtu, i kdy\u017e jsou st\u00e1le mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vf obvod\u016f.     <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f600eeb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3f600eeb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/15127_2-300x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-54604\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/15127_2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/15127_2-1024x1019.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/15127_2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/15127_2-640x637.jpg 640w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/15127_2.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Kondenz\u00e1tory a dal\u0161\u00ed pasivn\u00ed komponenty<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dc61c80 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"1dc61c80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/252-pasivni-prvky\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">POD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f48c19d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f48c19d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-000e2fc\" data-id=\"000e2fc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-457be36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"457be36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Kondenz\u00e1tory &#8211; shrnut\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>V kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku nelze obs\u00e1hnout ani velkou \u010d\u00e1st nejklasi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f pou\u017eit\u00ed kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f.\nSe z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi znalostmi o typech, zp\u016fsobech kombinov\u00e1n\u00ed a fungov\u00e1n\u00ed kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017eete za\u010d\u00edt s experimenty, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1m jako ve v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpadech poskytnou p\u0159\u00edmou zku\u0161enost s fungov\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bchto u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch prvk\u016f. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ab417e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ab417e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1d7f903\" data-id=\"1d7f903\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa94049 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa94049\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"k-faq-accord\">\n<h2>Kondenz\u00e1tory &#8211; nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dotazy<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tabs\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/FAQPage\">\n<div class=\"tab\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><input id=\"chck1\" type=\"checkbox\">\n<h3><label class=\"tab-label\" itemprop=\"name\" for=\"chck1\">K jak\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 kondenz\u00e1tor?<\/label><\/h3>\n<div class=\"tab-content\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n<div itemprop=\"text\">Kondenz\u00e1tory jako elektronick\u00e9 nebo elektrick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k filtraci a odd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonu. Co to znamen\u00e1 v praxi? Filtrace nen\u00ed nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e &#8220;vyhlazen\u00ed&#8221; nap\u011bt\u00ed pomoc\u00ed kapacity kondenz\u00e1toru. Odd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed naopak spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed keramick\u00fdch kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f v bl\u00edzkosti svorek pro nap\u00e1jen\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/21-integrovane-obvody\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f<\/a>.\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"tab\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><input id=\"chck2\" type=\"checkbox\">\n<h3><label class=\"tab-label\" itemprop=\"name\" for=\"chck2\">Co jsou kondenz\u00e1tory?<\/label><\/h3>\n<div class=\"tab-content\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n<div itemprop=\"text\">Kondenz\u00e1tory jsou elektronick\u00e9 nebo elektrick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky. K jejich v\u00fdrob\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edvaly dvojice vod\u00edtek, kter\u00e9 se \u010dasto ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako kryty. Mezi nimi je dielektrikum neboli izolant. Po p\u0159iveden\u00ed stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed se na vodi\u010d\u00edch (krytech) za\u010dnou hromadit n\u00e1boje s opa\u010dn\u00fdmi znam\u00e9nky. Po odpojen\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed jsou uveden\u00e9 n\u00e1boje st\u00e1le na krytech. V t\u00e9to situaci je kondenz\u00e1tor nabit\u00fd. Jednotkou popisuj\u00edc\u00ed kondenz\u00e1tory je farad (F). Proto\u017ee se v\u0161ak jedn\u00e1 o extr\u00e9mn\u011b velkou jednotku, setk\u00e1me se nej\u010dast\u011bji s kondenz\u00e1tory ozna\u010dovan\u00fdmi jako mili-, mikro-, nano- nebo piko-farad.\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"tab\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><input id=\"chck3\" type=\"checkbox\">\n<h3><label class=\"tab-label\" itemprop=\"name\" for=\"chck3\">V jak\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed kondenz\u00e1tory?<\/label><\/h3>\n<div class=\"tab-content\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n<div itemprop=\"text\">Kondenz\u00e1tory se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed velmi \u0161irok\u00fdm spektrem pou\u017eit\u00ed, a to nejen v elekt\u0159in\u011b a elektronice, ale i v dal\u0161\u00edch oborech. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku v pr\u016fmyslu i ve spot\u0159ebn\u00ed elektronice, b\u00edl\u00e9 technice, spot\u0159ebn\u00ed elektronice a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch elektrick\u00fdch a elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch.\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"tab\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><input id=\"chck4\" type=\"checkbox\">\n<h3><label class=\"tab-label\" itemprop=\"name\" for=\"chck4\">K \u010demu slou\u017e\u00ed kondenz\u00e1tor v motoru?<\/label><\/h3>\n<div class=\"tab-content\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n<div itemprop=\"text\">Rozb\u011bhov\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory, jak ji\u017e n\u00e1zev napov\u00edd\u00e1, se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k okam\u017eit\u00e9mu rozb\u011bhu motoru. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, kondenz\u00e1tory jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za okam\u017eitou dod\u00e1vku velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed energie pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k provozu pohonn\u00e9 jednotky. To je mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u00edky schopnosti popsan\u00fdch prvk\u016f nejen shroma\u017e\u010fovat, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm uchov\u00e1vat energii.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>K \u010demu se kondenz\u00e1tor pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? Jak kondenz\u00e1tor funguje? To a mnohem v\u00edce se dozv\u00edte v na\u0161em \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":60007,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[548,549],"tags":[550,570,573,595,571,152],"class_list":["post-59053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika-cs","category-kompendium-cs","tag-elektronika-cs","tag-kondenzator","tag-pouziti","tag-princip-cinnosti","tag-typy-kondenzatoru","tag-zastosowanie"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>K \u010demu se kondenz\u00e1tor pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? Typy a symboly kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kondenz\u00e1tory - jak funguj\u00ed, jak jsou konstruov\u00e1ny a k \u010demu je lze pou\u017e\u00edt? Zde naleznete v\u0161echny informace v p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 a stru\u010dn\u00e9 form\u011b!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"K \u010demu se kondenz\u00e1tor pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? Typy a symboly kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kondenz\u00e1tory - jak funguj\u00ed, jak jsou konstruov\u00e1ny a k \u010demu je lze pou\u017e\u00edt? Zde naleznete v\u0161echny informace v p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 a stru\u010dn\u00e9 form\u011b!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Botland\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/Botland\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-02-01T07:26:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-07-14T07:30:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/new2023-kondensatory.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1510\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"755\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Anna Wieczorek\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napsal(a)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Anna Wieczorek\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"14 minut\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.cz\\\/blog\\\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.cz\\\/blog\\\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Anna Wieczorek\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.com.pl\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/432699b001be1bfbf673d91827fb8735\"},\"headline\":\"Kondenz\u00e1tory &#8211; jak funguj\u00ed? Z\u00e1sady fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a pou\u017eit\u00ed\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-01T07:26:35+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-14T07:30:02+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.cz\\\/blog\\\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3266,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.com.pl\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.cz\\\/blog\\\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.cz\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/05\\\/new2023-kondensatory.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"elektronika\",\"kondenz\u00e1tor\",\"pou\u017eit\u00ed\",\"princip \u010dinnosti\",\"typy kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f\",\"zastosowanie\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Elektronika\",\"Kompendium\"],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.cz\\\/blog\\\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.cz\\\/blog\\\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\\\/\",\"name\":\"K \u010demu se kondenz\u00e1tor pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? Typy a symboly kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.com.pl\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.cz\\\/blog\\\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.cz\\\/blog\\\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.cz\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/05\\\/new2023-kondensatory.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-01T07:26:35+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-14T07:30:02+00:00\",\"description\":\"Kondenz\u00e1tory - jak funguj\u00ed, jak jsou konstruov\u00e1ny a k \u010demu je lze pou\u017e\u00edt? Zde naleznete v\u0161echny informace v p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 a stru\u010dn\u00e9 form\u011b!\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.cz\\\/blog\\\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.cz\\\/blog\\\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.cz\\\/blog\\\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.cz\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/05\\\/new2023-kondensatory.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.cz\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/05\\\/new2023-kondensatory.jpg\",\"width\":1510,\"height\":755},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.cz\\\/blog\\\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Strona g\u0142\u00f3wna\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.cz\\\/blog\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Kondenz\u00e1tory &#8211; jak funguj\u00ed? Z\u00e1sady fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a&nbsp;pou\u017eit\u00ed\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.com.pl\\\/blog\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.com.pl\\\/blog\\\/\",\"name\":\"Botland\",\"description\":\"Blog Raspberry Pi, Arduino, elektronika i robotyka - Botland\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.com.pl\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.com.pl\\\/blog\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.com.pl\\\/blog\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Botland\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.com.pl\\\/blog\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.com.pl\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.store\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/logo_kolor_WP_2-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.store\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/04\\\/logo_kolor_WP_2-1.png\",\"width\":250,\"height\":57,\"caption\":\"Botland\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.com.pl\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/facebook.com\\\/Botland\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.com.pl\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/432699b001be1bfbf673d91827fb8735\",\"name\":\"Anna Wieczorek\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.cz\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/Anna-150x150.jpg\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.cz\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/Anna-150x150.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.cz\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/Anna-150x150.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Anna Wieczorek\"},\"description\":\"Kobieta w m\u0119skim \u015bwiecie robot\u00f3w. Zwi\u0105zana z Botlandem \\\"w\u0142a\u015bciwie od zawsze\\\". Estetka, kt\u00f3rej wsz\u0119dzie pe\u0142no. Wierzy, \u017ce na sen przyjdzie jeszcze czas. Po pracy entuzjastka kultury i kuchni hiszpa\u0144skiej.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/botland.cz\\\/blog\\\/author\\\/anna\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"K \u010demu se kondenz\u00e1tor pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? Typy a symboly kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f","description":"Kondenz\u00e1tory - jak funguj\u00ed, jak jsou konstruov\u00e1ny a k \u010demu je lze pou\u017e\u00edt? Zde naleznete v\u0161echny informace v p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 a stru\u010dn\u00e9 form\u011b!","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\/","og_locale":"cs_CZ","og_type":"article","og_title":"K \u010demu se kondenz\u00e1tor pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? Typy a symboly kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f","og_description":"Kondenz\u00e1tory - jak funguj\u00ed, jak jsou konstruov\u00e1ny a k \u010demu je lze pou\u017e\u00edt? Zde naleznete v\u0161echny informace v p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 a stru\u010dn\u00e9 form\u011b!","og_url":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\/","og_site_name":"Botland","article_publisher":"https:\/\/facebook.com\/Botland\/","article_published_time":"2023-02-01T07:26:35+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-07-14T07:30:02+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1510,"height":755,"url":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/new2023-kondensatory.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Anna Wieczorek","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Napsal(a)":"Anna Wieczorek","Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed":"14 minut"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\/"},"author":{"name":"Anna Wieczorek","@id":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/432699b001be1bfbf673d91827fb8735"},"headline":"Kondenz\u00e1tory &#8211; jak funguj\u00ed? Z\u00e1sady fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a pou\u017eit\u00ed","datePublished":"2023-02-01T07:26:35+00:00","dateModified":"2023-07-14T07:30:02+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\/"},"wordCount":3266,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/new2023-kondensatory.jpg","keywords":["elektronika","kondenz\u00e1tor","pou\u017eit\u00ed","princip \u010dinnosti","typy kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f","zastosowanie"],"articleSection":["Elektronika","Kompendium"],"inLanguage":"cs"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\/","url":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\/","name":"K \u010demu se kondenz\u00e1tor pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? Typy a symboly kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/new2023-kondensatory.jpg","datePublished":"2023-02-01T07:26:35+00:00","dateModified":"2023-07-14T07:30:02+00:00","description":"Kondenz\u00e1tory - jak funguj\u00ed, jak jsou konstruov\u00e1ny a k \u010demu je lze pou\u017e\u00edt? Zde naleznete v\u0161echny informace v p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 a stru\u010dn\u00e9 form\u011b!","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"cs","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/new2023-kondensatory.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/new2023-kondensatory.jpg","width":1510,"height":755},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/kondenzatory-jak-funguji-zasady-fungovani-a-pouziti\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Strona g\u0142\u00f3wna","item":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Kondenz\u00e1tory &#8211; jak funguj\u00ed? Z\u00e1sady fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a&nbsp;pou\u017eit\u00ed"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/","name":"Botland","description":"Blog Raspberry Pi, Arduino, elektronika i robotyka - Botland","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"cs"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/#organization","name":"Botland","url":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/botland.store\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/logo_kolor_WP_2-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/botland.store\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/logo_kolor_WP_2-1.png","width":250,"height":57,"caption":"Botland"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/facebook.com\/Botland\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/432699b001be1bfbf673d91827fb8735","name":"Anna Wieczorek","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Anna-150x150.jpg","url":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Anna-150x150.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Anna-150x150.jpg","caption":"Anna Wieczorek"},"description":"Kobieta w m\u0119skim \u015bwiecie robot\u00f3w. Zwi\u0105zana z Botlandem \"w\u0142a\u015bciwie od zawsze\". Estetka, kt\u00f3rej wsz\u0119dzie pe\u0142no. Wierzy, \u017ce na sen przyjdzie jeszcze czas. Po pracy entuzjastka kultury i kuchni hiszpa\u0144skiej.","url":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/author\/anna\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59053","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59053"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59053\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/60007"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59053"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59053"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59053"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}