{"id":59064,"date":"2023-05-15T11:24:28","date_gmt":"2023-05-15T09:24:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/?p=59064"},"modified":"2023-06-19T15:31:40","modified_gmt":"2023-06-19T13:31:40","slug":"tranzistor-vse-co-potrebujete-vedet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/tranzistor-vse-co-potrebujete-vedet\/","title":{"rendered":"Tranzistor &#8211; v\u0161e, co pot\u0159ebujete v\u011bd\u011bt"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"59064\" class=\"elementor elementor-59064 elementor-33914\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b6a2a12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b6a2a12\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a82c05e\" data-id=\"a82c05e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccfa9c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ccfa9c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tranzistor - v\u0161e, co pot\u0159ebujete v\u011bd\u011bt<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b52b783 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b52b783\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\nTranzistor je jedn\u00edm ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch stavebn\u00edch prvk\u016f t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ech elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kolem n\u00e1s &#8211; a\u0165 se na n\u011bj pod\u00edv\u00e1te z kter\u00e9koli strany!\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ade282a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ade282a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tranzistory - polovodi\u010de v pohybu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe4f3be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe4f3be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\nTento \u010dl\u00e1nek p\u0159edstavuje nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekty konstrukce a principu \u010dinnosti tranzistor\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v elektronick\u00fdch obvodech.\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e5e4e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3e5e4e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tranzistory - n\u00e1stupci elektronek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5efe509 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5efe509\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vyn\u00e1lez <a href=\"\/24-tranzystory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">tranzistoru<\/a> na konci 40. let 20. stolet\u00ed. Sedmdes\u00e1t\u00e1 l\u00e9ta minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed byla \u00fasp\u011bchem, kter\u00fd zcela zm\u011bnil sm\u011br v\u00fdvoje technologi\u00ed na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, co\u017e je patrn\u00e9 dodnes. V mnoha aplikac\u00edch tranzistory vytla\u010dily elektronky, i kdy\u017e ne ve v\u0161ech &#8211; milovn\u00edci elektroakustick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed d\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ednost zvuku zesilova\u010d\u016f, v nich\u017e je alespo\u0148 v\u00fdkonov\u00fd stupe\u0148 postaven na elektronk\u00e1ch. Elektronky jsou tak\u00e9 ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro mikrovlnn\u00e9 technologie a vojensk\u00e1 komunika\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edstroji vakuov\u00e9 technologie, <strong>tranzistory mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebu proudu<\/strong> a jejich mal\u00e9 rozm\u011bry umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed zmen\u0161it velikost kryt\u016f elektronick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f. Krom\u011b toho mohou tranzistory existovat jako jednotliv\u00e9 diskr\u00e9tn\u00ed prvky. Na nich je zalo\u017een\u00e1 vnit\u0159n\u00ed struktura t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e9ho integrovan\u00e9ho obvodu, a to jak <a href=\"\/119-wzmacniacze-operacyjne\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">opera\u010dn\u00ed zesilova\u010d<\/a>jejich\u017e vnit\u0159n\u00ed struktura obvykle obsahuje des\u00edtky tranzistor\u016f (nap\u0159. opera\u010dn\u00ed zesilova\u010d LM741 obsahuje 20 tranzistor\u016f), a tak\u00e9 procesory pro osobn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, kde mo\u017enosti dne\u0161n\u00edho litografick\u00e9ho procesu umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed sestavit obvody s a\u017e 20 tranzistory. <strong>des\u00edtky miliard tranzistor\u016f!<\/strong> Proto se tranzistory nach\u00e1zej\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ude &#8211; v pra\u010dk\u00e1ch, televizorech, autech, telefonech, po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch, robotech, elektrick\u00e9m n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00ed, hra\u010dk\u00e1ch, letadlech, audio za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch a mnoha, mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-af1d2b4 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"af1d2b4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-custom\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-95d9bec\" data-id=\"95d9bec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8b00f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c8b00f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"485\" height=\"479\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/12AU7.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-59225\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/12AU7.jpg 485w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/12AU7-300x296.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 485px) 100vw, 485px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Podle Tvezymer z anglick\u00e9 Wikipedie - Originally from en.wikipedia; description page is\/was here., Ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 dom\u00e9na, https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/w\/index.php?curid=2578994<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-831b3b1\" data-id=\"831b3b1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fefb6d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fefb6d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/00127_1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-59229\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/00127_1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/00127_1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/00127_1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/00127_1-768x768.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Tranzystor N-MOSFET IRL540NPBF<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a17d424 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a17d424\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jak\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkce tranzistor\u016f v elektronick\u00fdch obvodech?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cf3876 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7cf3876\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tranzistory pln\u00ed v elektronick\u00fdch obvodech v podstat\u011b dv\u011b funkce &#8211; <strong>sp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed a zesilov\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f<\/strong>. V procesu sp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed lze pomoc\u00ed tranzistor\u016f \u0159\u00eddit zap\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed a vyp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed toku elektron\u016f v libovoln\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti elektronick\u00e9ho obvodu podle stupn\u011b jej\u00edho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. Naproti tomu proces zes\u00edlen\u00ed sign\u00e1lu pomoc\u00ed <a href=\"\/24-tranzystory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">tranzistor\u016f<\/a> zahrnuje ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159enos t\u011bchto sign\u00e1l\u016f s n\u00edzkou amplitudou za \u00fa\u010delem jejich zes\u00edlen\u00ed. Tato vlastnost se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 mimo jin\u00e9. v radioelektronice.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5be414 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d5be414\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tranzistory v integrovan\u00fdch obvodech<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-35e06b3 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"35e06b3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-90d5f39\" data-id=\"90d5f39\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-921c3a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"921c3a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/tranzystor-1024x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-58367\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/tranzystor-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/tranzystor-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/tranzystor-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/tranzystor-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/tranzystor.jpg 1510w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f287fec\" data-id=\"f287fec\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a78cff8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a78cff8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm technologick\u00fdm krokem po vyn\u00e1lezu tranzistor\u016f byl v\u00fdvoj <a href=\"\/21-uklady-scalone\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f<\/a>, kter\u00e9 se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z mnoha miniaturn\u00edch tranzistor\u016f. Vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed prototyp\u016f elektronick\u00fdch obvod\u016f z diskr\u00e9tn\u00edch sou\u010d\u00e1stek je st\u00e1le popul\u00e1rn\u00ed, mezi kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9 tranzistory, nap\u0159. v <strong>audio zesilova\u010d\u00edch<\/strong>. Tato praxe prob\u00edhala tak\u00e9 v dob\u011b, kdy ji\u017e byly k dispozici integrovan\u00e9 obvody, ale byly p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 drah\u00e9 na to, aby se mohly uplatnit v masov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8013a19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8013a19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed tranzistory<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-703f475 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"703f475\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-54ab3ed\" data-id=\"54ab3ed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7774878 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7774878\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch typ\u016f tranzistor\u016f v modern\u00ed elektronice jsou <a href=\"\/92-tranzystory-bipolarne\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed tranzistory<\/a> (BJT), zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako <strong>p\u0159echodov\u00e9<\/strong> tranzistory. Tyto tranzistory jsou kombinac\u00ed dvou polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch p\u0159echod\u016f typu p-n, kter\u00e9 dohromady tvo\u0159\u00ed t\u0159\u00edvrstvou strukturu. Na hranici samotn\u00e9ho p\u0159echodu p-n se setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u00edry (p) a elektrony (n). Jednotliv\u00e9 vodiv\u00e9 oblasti v bipol\u00e1rn\u00edm tranzistoru jsou vyvedeny ven prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm<strong> emitoru (E), b\u00e1ze (B) a kolektor (C).<\/strong> Z hlediska polarity se bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed tranzistory d\u011bl\u00ed na:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-a8c4a62\" data-id=\"a8c4a62\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-518ea2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"518ea2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"254\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/18995_1b.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-59233\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/18995_1b.jpg 450w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/18995_1b-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed tranzistory.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41374ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"41374ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/1422-npn-tranzistory\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\"><strong>tranzistory n-p-n<\/strong><\/a> &#8211; polovodi\u010d typu p tvo\u0159\u00ed b\u00e1zi tranzistoru a je vlo\u017een mezi dv\u011b vrstvy typu n;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/1421-pnp-tranzistory\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\"><strong>tranzistory p-n-p<\/strong><\/a> &#8211; polovodi\u010d typu N tvo\u0159\u00ed b\u00e1zi tranzistoru a je vlo\u017een mezi dv\u011b vrstvy typu P.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed tranzistor m\u00e1 dva p\u0159echody &#8211; <strong>p\u0159echod b\u00e1ze-emitor (B-E) a p\u0159echod b\u00e1ze-kolektor (B-C)<\/strong>. Bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed tranzistory jsou proudov\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky. P\u0159iveden\u00edm vhodn\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed na b\u00e1zi vzhledem k emitoru p\u0159es omezovac\u00ed odpory polarizujete tento p\u0159echod a p\u0159inut\u00edte proud prot\u00e9kat jeho obvodem. V z\u00e1vislosti na typu tranzistoru <strong>je tok proudu v tranzistoru n-p-n spou\u0161t\u011bn kladn\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm a v tranzistoru p-n-p z\u00e1porn\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm<\/strong>. Opa\u010dn\u00e1 polarita nap\u011bt\u00ed zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee tranzistor p\u0159ejde do zp\u011btn\u00e9ho chodu.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2380b42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2380b42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 parametry bipol\u00e1rn\u00edch tranzistor\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0475912 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0475912\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed tranzistor a jevy v n\u011bm lze pro praktick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely popsat pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch parametr\u016f:<\/p>\n<p><strong>U<sub>BE<\/sub> &#8211; nap\u011bt\u00ed b\u00e1ze-emitor<\/strong> &#8211; p\u0159i jeho p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed tranzistor p\u0159ejde do vodiv\u00e9ho stavu;<\/p>\n<p><strong>I<sub>B<\/sub> &#8211; proud b\u00e1ze<\/strong> &#8211; proud tekouc\u00ed do b\u00e1ze tranzistoru, \u0159\u00edd\u00ed tok kolektorov\u00e9ho proudu;<\/p>\n<p><strong>I<sub>C<\/sub> &#8211; kolektorov\u00fd proud<\/strong> &#8211; se rovn\u00e1 n\u00e1sobku proudu b\u00e1ze a zes\u00edlen\u00ed tranzistoru;<\/p>\n<p><strong>I<sub>E<\/sub> &#8211; emitorov\u00fd proud<\/strong> &#8211; proud tekouc\u00ed z emitoru, kter\u00fd je sou\u010dtem proudu b\u00e1ze a proudu kolektoru;<\/p>\n<p><strong>h<sub>FE<\/sub><\/strong> &#8211; proudov\u00fd zesilovac\u00ed \u010dinitel tranzistoru.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c31c791 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c31c791\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pracovn\u00ed stavy bipol\u00e1rn\u00edch tranzistor\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16b3266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"16b3266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed tranzistor m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ve t\u0159ech provozn\u00edch stavech.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Stav vypnut\u00ed<\/strong> &#8211; pokud je nap\u011bt\u00ed b\u00e1ze-emitor men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e cca. 0,7 V, b\u00e1z\u00ed neprot\u00e9k\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd proud a odpor p\u0159echodu kolektor &#8211; emitor ukazuje na stav t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 otev\u0159en\u00e9ho obvodu, tak\u017ee tranzistor nevede.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aktivn\u00ed stav<\/strong> &#8211; pokud je nap\u011bt\u00ed b\u00e1ze-emitor alespo\u0148 cca. 0,7 V prot\u00e9k\u00e1 b\u00e1z\u00ed proud a odpor p\u0159echodu kolektor-emitor se v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Hodnota kolektorov\u00e9ho proudu ve vodiv\u00e9m stavu je \u00fam\u011brn\u00e1 proudu b\u00e1ze. Pom\u011br kolektorov\u00e9ho proudu k proudu b\u00e1ze ur\u010duje proudov\u00e9 zes\u00edlen\u00ed tranzistoru. V tomto provozn\u00edm re\u017eimu funguje tranzistor jako jednoduch\u00fd proudov\u00fd zesilova\u010d.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stav nasycen\u00ed<\/strong> &#8211; pokud je nap\u011bt\u00ed b\u00e1ze-emitor v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e cca. 0,7 V, pak se odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed proud b\u00e1ze. Odpor p\u0159echodu kolektor-emitor se pak je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je hodnota proudu prot\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00edho kolektorem nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Takov\u00fd tranzistor se chov\u00e1 jako sp\u00edna\u010d, kter\u00fd zkratuje obvod p\u0159es minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd odpor p\u0159echodu kolektor-emitor. Za t\u011bchto podm\u00ednek je hodnota emitorov\u00e9ho proudu bl\u00edzk\u00e1 hodnot\u011b kolektorov\u00e9ho proudu, proto\u017ee \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed proud b\u00e1ze je obvykle mal\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5d49f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a5d49f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Unipol\u00e1rn\u00ed tranzistory<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-69696fc elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"69696fc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-fe7fe2d\" data-id=\"fe7fe2d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22224d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"22224d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"989\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/18306_1-828x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-59237\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/18306_1-828x1024.jpg 828w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/18306_1-243x300.jpg 243w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/18306_1-768x949.jpg 768w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/18306_1-1243x1536.jpg 1243w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/18306_1-1657x2048.jpg 1657w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Unipol\u00e1rn\u00ed tranzistory.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2b9399b\" data-id=\"2b9399b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b427c75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b427c75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Krom\u011b bipol\u00e1rn\u00edch tranzistor\u016f jsou mezi elektroniky velmi uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 a obl\u00edben\u00e9 <a href=\"\/91-tranzystory-unipolarne-mosfet\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">unipol\u00e1rn\u00ed tranzistory<\/a>, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako tranzistory s polem \u00fa\u010dinku (FET). <strong>Na rozd\u00edl od bipol\u00e1rn\u00edch tranzistor\u016f jsou to za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 nap\u011bt\u00edm.<\/strong> Vodivostn\u00ed kan\u00e1l tranzistoru m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyroben bu\u010f z polovodi\u010de typu n, nebo z polovodi\u010de typu p. Pod\u00e9l vodiv\u00e9ho kan\u00e1lu drain-source se nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed elektroda, tzv. <strong>hradlo<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 je vyrobena z polovodi\u010de s opa\u010dn\u00fdm typem vodivosti. V tranzistoru s polem s kan\u00e1lem typu n je tedy hradlo vyrobeno z polovodi\u010de typu p, a u tranzistoru s polem a kan\u00e1lem typu p je hradlo vyrobeno z polovodi\u010de typu n. Mezi nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podtypy tranzistor\u016f s polem \u00fa\u010dinku pat\u0159\u00ed tranzistory <strong>MOSFET<\/strong> a <strong>J-FET<\/strong>, jejich\u017e hlavn\u00ed rozd\u00edl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v konstrukci hradla. P\u0159ilo\u017een\u00edm vhodn\u00e9ho prahov\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi hradlo a zdroj tranzistoru s polem se tranzistor p\u0159epne do vodiv\u00e9ho stavu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e tranzistor s polem typu n se spou\u0161t\u00ed kladn\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm a tranzistor s polem typu p z\u00e1porn\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbff436 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dbff436\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hradlo je izolov\u00e1no od kan\u00e1lu drain-source tenkou vrstvou oxidu k\u0159em\u00edku. P\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9ho \u0159\u00eddic\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed (obvykle kolem 20 V) vede ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f k nevratn\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed tranzistoru. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu jsou tyto tranzistory tak\u00e9 citliv\u00e9 na elektrostatick\u00fd v\u00fdboj, a proto by m\u011bly b\u00fdt skladov\u00e1ny ve vhodn\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch ESD kontejnerech.\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0ac738 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b0ac738\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159\u00edklady pou\u017eit\u00ed tranzistor\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1b1fe2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1b1fe2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\nRozsah praktick\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed tranzistor\u016f je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neomezen\u00fd. Pomoc\u00ed t\u011bchto sou\u010d\u00e1stek, v\u00fdb\u011brem spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch pomocn\u00fdch prvk\u016f (nap\u0159. diod, rezistor\u016f, kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f) a jejich spr\u00e1vnou kombinac\u00ed m\u016f\u017eete vytv\u00e1\u0159et r\u016fzn\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 obvody. Mezi nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aplikace tranzistor\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed. audio zesilova\u010de, ve kter\u00fdch mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159edzesilovac\u00ed i v\u00fdkonov\u00fd stupe\u0148 vyrobeny na tranzistorech, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e je t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je v\u00fdkon tranzistor\u016f ve v\u00fdkonov\u00e9m stupni, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed chladi\u010d je t\u0159eba zvolit. Tranzistory lze pou\u017e\u00edt tak\u00e9 k v\u00fdrob\u011b akustick\u00fdch gener\u00e1tor\u016f a slo\u017eit\u00fdch \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, jako jsou rel\u00e9 a styka\u010de.\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tranzistor je jedn\u00edm ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edch stavebn\u00edch prvk\u016f t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ech elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kolem n\u00e1s &#8211; a\u0165 se na n\u011bj pod\u00edv\u00e1te z kter\u00e9koli strany!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":65057,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[548,549],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika-cs","category-kompendium-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tranzistor - v\u0161e, co pot\u0159ebujete v\u011bd\u011bt - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tranzistory - inovativn\u00ed polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ech elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. 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