{"id":64919,"date":"2023-06-28T06:49:15","date_gmt":"2023-06-28T04:49:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/zlacze-rs232-co-to-jest-i-jakie-ma-zastosowanie\/"},"modified":"2023-06-28T14:01:21","modified_gmt":"2023-06-28T12:01:21","slug":"seriovy-port-rs232-co-je-to-a-k-cemu-slouzi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/seriovy-port-rs232-co-je-to-a-k-cemu-slouzi\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e9riov\u00fd port RS232 – Co je to a k \u010demu slou\u017e\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> 3<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t
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\nKomunikace v po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch vy\u017eaduje jasn\u00e9 dohody a soubor pravidel – a pr\u00e1v\u011b to jsou protokoly. Hlavn\u00edm hrdinou dne\u0161n\u00edho \u010dl\u00e1nku je st\u00e1le popul\u00e1rn\u00ed d\u011bde\u010dek komunika\u010dn\u00edch protokol\u016f, a to protokol a s\u00e9riov\u00fd port RS232, kter\u00e9 je dobr\u00e9 zn\u00e1t.<\/strong>\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Co je to s\u00e9riov\u00fd port RS232?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Jedn\u00edm z nejstar\u0161\u00edch, ale st\u00e1le obl\u00edben\u00fdch komunika\u010dn\u00edch protokol\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v pr\u016fmyslu a komer\u010dn\u00edch produktech je RS232<\/strong>. Je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina z n\u00e1s pozn\u00e1 standardn\u00ed 9pinov\u00fd kabel DB9, i kdy\u017e nemus\u00edme nutn\u011b v\u011bd\u011bt, jak se jmenuje – sta\u010d\u00ed se pod\u00edvat na p\u0159evodn\u00edk RS232-UART.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Jak se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1: “b\u00fdvalo to tak”. Osobn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de pou\u017e\u00edvaly s\u00e9riov\u00fd port RS232<\/strong> nejen pro p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k praskaj\u00edc\u00edm modem\u016fm, ale tak\u00e9 k tisk\u00e1rn\u00e1m, \u00falo\u017en\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm, nep\u0159eru\u0161iteln\u00fdm zdroj\u016fm nap\u00e1jen\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edm perifern\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Term\u00edn RS232 znamen\u00e1 “Recommended Standard 232”<\/strong> a jedn\u00e1 se o typ s\u00e9riov\u00e9 komunikace<\/strong>, kter\u00fd se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro p\u0159enos dat obvykle na st\u0159edn\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti. Byl zaveden v 60. letech XX. stolet\u00ed. a na\u0161el si cestu do mnoha pou\u017eit\u00ed, jako jsou tisk\u00e1rny a automatiza\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Dnes existuje mnoho d\u011bdic\u016f tohoto standardu, a to modern\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00ed protokoly jako RS485, SPI, I2C nebo CAN Bus<\/a>.<\/strong> Dnes se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na RS232 pro s\u00e9riovou komunikaci<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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S\u00e9riov\u00fd port RS232 - UART s konektorem DB9 - MAX3232 3,3V\/5V<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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S\u00e9riov\u00e1 komunikace<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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V telekomunikac\u00edch se proces postupn\u00e9ho odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed dat po po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 sb\u011brnici naz\u00fdv\u00e1 s\u00e9riov\u00e1 komunikace<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee data budou p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ena bit po bitu. Pro rozli\u0161en\u00ed v paraleln\u00ed komunikaci jsou data p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ena ve form\u011b bajtu<\/strong> (8 bit\u016f) nebo znaku na n\u011bkolika datov\u00fdch link\u00e1ch nebo sb\u011brnic\u00edch sou\u010dasn\u011b.<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00e9riov\u00e1 komunikace<\/strong> je proto pomalej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e paraleln\u00ed komunikace<\/strong>, ale pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se pro dlouh\u00e9 p\u0159enosy dat z d\u016fvodu ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f a praktick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f. Zde se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s asynchronn\u00edm p\u0159enosem dat<\/strong>, tedy re\u017eimem, kdy datov\u00e9 bity nejsou synchronizov\u00e1ny hodinov\u00fdm impulsem, a synchronn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdm hodinov\u00fdm impulsem.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Elektrick\u00e9 specifikace a vlastnosti<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Tato \u010d\u00e1st normy RS232 definuje \u00farovn\u011b nap\u011bt\u00ed, rychlost zm\u011bny \u00farovn\u00ed sign\u00e1lu a impedanci veden\u00ed<\/strong>. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee p\u016fvodn\u00ed norma RS232 byla definov\u00e1na v roce 1962 a p\u0159ed dobou logiky TTL, nen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9, \u017ee nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 logick\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b 5 V a zem. M\u00edsto toho je vysok\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 pro v\u00fdstup regul\u00e1toru definov\u00e1na jako hodnota mezi +5 V a +15 V<\/strong> a n\u00edzk\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 pro v\u00fdstup regul\u00e1toru je definov\u00e1na jako hodnota mezi -5 V a -15 V<\/strong>. Logick\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de byly definov\u00e1ny tak, aby poskytovaly \u0161umovou rezervu 2 V. Proto je vysok\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 pro p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d definov\u00e1na mezi +3 V a +15 V<\/strong> a n\u00edzk\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 je mezi -3 V a -15 V<\/strong>. Tyto hodnoty jsou pr\u00e1v\u011b touto negativn\u00ed logikou, negative logic<\/em>, <\/em>kter\u00e1 u\u017eivatele vyzve k vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed vhodn\u00fdch p\u0159evodn\u00edk\u016f<\/a>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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P\u0159evodn\u00edk USB A - RS-232 Akyga AK-CO-02 - 1m.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Standard RS232 tak\u00e9 omezuje maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlost n\u00e1b\u011bhu v\u00fdstupu regul\u00e1toru.<\/strong> Toto omezen\u00ed bylo zavedeno za \u00fa\u010delem sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnosti p\u0159eslech\u016f mezi sousedn\u00edmi sign\u00e1ly.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edm pomalej\u0161\u00ed jsou doby n\u00e1b\u011bhu a poklesu, t\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed je mo\u017enost p\u0159eslech\u016f.<\/strong> Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e1 rychlost n\u00e1b\u011bhu je 30 V\/ms<\/strong>. Krom\u011b toho norma stanovuje maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlost p\u0159enosu dat 20 kb\/s<\/strong> – op\u011bt kv\u016fli sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mo\u017enosti p\u0159eslech\u016f.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Je tak\u00e9 definov\u00e1na impedance rozhran\u00ed mezi \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotkou a p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010dem. Z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, kterou regul\u00e1tor vid\u00ed, je specifikov\u00e1na v rozmez\u00ed 3 k\u03a9 a\u017e 7 k\u03a9.<\/strong> V p\u016fvodn\u00ed norm\u011b RS232 byla d\u00e9lka kabelu mezi \u0159adi\u010dem a p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010dem stanovena na maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 15 metr\u016f<\/strong>, ale revize D (EIA\/TIA-232-D)<\/strong> tuto \u010d\u00e1st standardu zm\u011bnila. Nam\u00edsto maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e9lky kabelu je v norm\u011b uveden\u00e1 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed kapacitn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e 2500 pF<\/strong>, co\u017e je zjevn\u011b vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed specifikace. Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e9lka kabelu je ur\u010den\u00e1 kapacitou na jednotku d\u00e9lky kabelu, kter\u00e1 je uveden\u00e1 ve specifikaci kabelu.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Konvertory RS232 a pou\u017eit\u00ed RS232<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Dost bylo technick\u00fdch detail\u016f. \u010cas pro konvertory<\/strong>. V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b existuj\u00ed adapt\u00e9ry t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 pro v\u0161echno a p\u0159\u00edtomnost star\u00e9ho standardu nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b znamenat, \u017ee je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ur\u010deno k vyhozen\u00ed do popelnice. Najdete je v kategorii P\u0159evad\u011b\u010de USB – UART \/ RS232 \/ RS485<\/a><\/strong> v obchod\u011b Botland<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed port\u016f univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00e9riov\u00e9 sb\u011brnice USB je pro m\u00e1lokoho nezn\u00e1m\u00e9. P\u0159esto\u017ee je funk\u010dnost USB plug and play jeho nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhodou oproti star\u0161\u00edm a t\u011b\u017ekop\u00e1dn\u00fdm zp\u016fsob\u016fm p\u0159ipojen\u00ed a konfigurace za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nepodporuj\u00ed (nebo nemaj\u00ed fyzicky nainstalovan\u00e9) porty USB, ale maj\u00ed s\u00e9riov\u00e9 porty RS232. K tomu slou\u017e\u00ed spolehliv\u00fd p\u0159evodn\u00edk USB na RS232<\/strong>. P\u0159\u00edklad? Mal\u00e9 PL2303 Z\u00e1suvn\u00fd modul USB-UART Waveshare <\/a><\/strong>spolehliv\u00fd pro pou\u017eit\u00ed s Arduino<\/a><\/strong> nebo STM32 Discovery<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Sb\u011brnice CAN<\/strong> se neli\u0161\u00ed. St\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le aplikac\u00ed, bohu\u017eel v\u0161ak nem\u016f\u017ee komunikovat p\u0159\u00edmo s po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem. Tento probl\u00e9m \u0159e\u0161\u00ed konvertor protokolu RS232 a sb\u011brnice CAN. Pokud hled\u00e1me mal\u00e9 obvody pro p\u0159evod nap\u011bt\u00ed portu RS232 na v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd standard TTL, CMOS, lze takov\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky nal\u00e9zt v sekci p\u00e1jen\u00e9<\/strong><\/a> povrchov\u011b p\u00e1jen\u00fdch pouzdrech.<\/p>\n

Kde se to v\u0161echno hod\u00ed? Kombinace dvou s\u00e9riov\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed, UART a RS232, umo\u017e\u0148uje nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159ipojen\u00ed monitoru nebo projektoru, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 konektor RS232, k minipo\u010d\u00edta\u010di.Raspberry Pi <\/a><\/strong>kde se zase nach\u00e1z\u00ed rozhran\u00ed UART. Jednoduch\u00e1 kontaktn\u00ed deska<\/a><\/strong> se osv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed. P\u0159ipoj\u00edme UART z konvertoru a odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed piny z Raspberry Pi a v\u00fdstup z konvertoru do projektoru.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Legenda pro veter\u00e1ny, podivnost pro mlad\u0161\u00ed u\u017eivatele elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 protokol a s\u00e9riov\u00fd port RS232 a p\u0159evodn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 zachr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy se konektor jednodu\u0161e nevejde.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":64542,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[548,549],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-64919","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika-cs","category-kompendium-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nS\u00e9riov\u00fd port RS232 - Co je to a k \u010demu slou\u017e\u00ed? - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nav\u0161tivte blog a internetov\u00fd obchod Botland, roz\u0161i\u0159te sv\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 znalosti a vyberte si z nejlep\u0161\u00ed nab\u00eddky.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/seriovy-port-rs232-co-je-to-a-k-cemu-slouzi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"S\u00e9riov\u00fd port RS232 - Co je to a k \u010demu slou\u017e\u00ed? 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