{"id":65189,"date":"2023-07-04T11:55:31","date_gmt":"2023-07-04T09:55:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/esd-co-to-takiego\/"},"modified":"2026-04-08T11:09:41","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T09:09:41","slug":"esd-co-je-to","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/esd-co-je-to\/","title":{"rendered":"ESD – co je to?"},"content":{"rendered":"\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> 3<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t
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\nZn\u00e1te ten nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd pocit, kdy t\u0159en\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f o sebe zp\u016fsobuje tzv. elektrizaci? Brr… Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee to v\u00ed\u0161! V dne\u0161n\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku se dozv\u00edte n\u011bco o elektrostatick\u00e9m v\u00fdboji neboli ESD.<\/strong>\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Co je to elektrostatick\u00fd v\u00fdboj?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Thal\u00e9s z Mil\u00e9tu<\/strong> vid\u011bl, \u017ee prach a list\u00ed se v d\u016fsledku t\u0159en\u00ed bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed jantaru. Toto jednoduch\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed dalo vzniknout elekt\u0159in\u011b a elektrostatice<\/strong>. Zaj\u00edmavost: “elektron” znamen\u00e1 v \u0159e\u010dtin\u011b “jantar”.<\/p>\n

ESD neboli elektrostatick\u00fd v\u00fdboj<\/strong> je uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed statick\u00e9 elekt\u0159iny p\u0159i kontaktu dvou p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f. Zn\u00e1m\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem ESD je lehk\u00fd ot\u0159es, kter\u00fd poc\u00edt\u00edte, kdy\u017e \u0161l\u00e1pnete na koberec a dotknete se kovov\u00e9 kliky dve\u0159\u00ed, nebo statick\u00e1 elekt\u0159ina, kterou poc\u00edt\u00edte na struktu\u0159e sv\u00e9ho oble\u010den\u00ed po su\u0161en\u00ed v su\u0161i\u010dce. Extr\u00e9mn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem ESD je blesk. P\u0159esto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina “ud\u00e1lost\u00ed” ESD je sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u0161kodn\u00e1, v mnoha pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch mohou p\u0159edstavovat skute\u010dn\u011b n\u00e1kladn\u00fd probl\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Odkud poch\u00e1z\u00ed elektrostatick\u00fd v\u00fdboj?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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ESD<\/strong> nejprve vy\u017eaduje vytvo\u0159en\u00ed elektrostatick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje. K tomu doch\u00e1z\u00ed, kdy\u017e se o sebe t\u0159ou dva r\u016fzn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly nebo p\u0159edm\u011bty. Jeden je pak kladn\u011b nabit\u00fd a druh\u00fd z\u00e1porn\u011b. Kladn\u011b nabit\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt m\u00e1 nyn\u00ed elektrostatick\u00fd n\u00e1boj, kter\u00fd se p\u0159i kontaktu s vlastn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed a doch\u00e1z\u00ed k jevu ESD.<\/p>\n

Teplo vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i ESD je zna\u010dn\u00e9, a\u010dkoli b\u011bhem elektrick\u00e9ho ur\u00e1zu nen\u00ed c\u00edtit. Kdy\u017e se v\u0161ak n\u00e1boj uvoln\u00ed na elektronick\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee intenzivn\u00ed teplo z n\u00e1boje zni\u010dit r\u016fzn\u00e9 mal\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky a zp\u016fsobit v\u00e1\u017enou poruchu.<\/p>\n

N\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017ee ud\u00e1lost ESD po\u0161kodit za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak st\u00e1le funguje, jak m\u00e1, ale pouze na prvn\u00ed pohled.. Pak se jedn\u00e1 o tzv. skrytou vadu<\/strong>. Ta je obvykle obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b zjistiteln\u00e1 a v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euje \u017eivotnost za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Nejn\u00e1padn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formou ESD je jiskra<\/strong> – vznik\u00e1, kdy\u017e siln\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 pole vytvo\u0159\u00ed ve vzduchu ionizovan\u00fd vodiv\u00fd kan\u00e1l. Lidem m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit jen drobn\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee, ale je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9ho po\u0161kozen\u00ed elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo dokonce po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f a v\u00fdbuch\u016f – sta\u010d\u00ed, aby vzduch obsahoval ho\u0159lav\u00e9 plyny nebo \u010d\u00e1stice. K mnoha ud\u00e1lostem ESD v\u0161ak doch\u00e1z\u00ed bez viditeln\u00e9 nebo sly\u0161iteln\u00e9 jiskry. Osoba nesouc\u00ed relativn\u011b mal\u00fd elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj nemus\u00ed poc\u00edtit v\u00fdboj, kter\u00fd by byl dostate\u010dn\u00fd k po\u0161kozen\u00ed citliv\u00fdch elektronick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed ESD<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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ESD m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt katastrof\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1sledky. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011bv\u00fdbuchy plynu, palivov\u00fdch par a uheln\u00e9ho prachu<\/strong> a tak\u00e9 selh\u00e1n\u00ed polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch elektronick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek<\/strong>, jako jsou integrovan\u00e9 obvody. Vlivem vysok\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k jejich trval\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed, a proto v\u00fdrobci elektroniky vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 prostory bez elektrostatick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje pomoc\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed k zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed nab\u00edjen\u00ed, nap\u0159. zamezen\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vysoce nabit\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, a opat\u0159en\u00ed k odstran\u011bn\u00ed elektrostatick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje, nap\u0159. uzemn\u011bn\u00edm pracovn\u00edk\u016f, instalac\u00ed antistatick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a kontrolou vlhkosti.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Prevence ESD - jak zabr\u00e1nit elektrostatick\u00fdm v\u00fdboj\u016fm?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Mnoho elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je n\u00e1chyln\u00fdch k n\u00edzkonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdm ud\u00e1lostem ESD<\/strong>. Harddisky, kter\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00fd zn\u00e1, jsou citliv\u00e9 na nap\u011bt\u00ed a\u017e 10 V. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu v\u00fdrobci elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zabra\u0148uj\u00ed elektrostatick\u00fdm v\u00fdboj\u016fm p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b, testov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159eprav\u011b a manipulaci. Pracovn\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee nosit ESD p\u00e1sek na z\u00e1p\u011bst\u00ed nebo ESD kontroln\u00ed obuv, obvykle pracovn\u00ed polobotky, nebo pracovat na ESD podlahov\u00e9 roho\u017ei, kter\u00e1 zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee elektrostatick\u00fd n\u00e1boj p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed na zem m\u00edsto na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Citliv\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed lze tak\u00e9 zabalit do materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 chr\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrobek p\u0159ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Opat\u0159en\u00ed proti elektrostatick\u00e9mu v\u00fdboji jsou nutn\u00e1 prakticky na v\u0161ech m\u00edstech, kde m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt ke kontaktu elektrick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s osobou nebo p\u0159edm\u011btem. P\u0159\u00edklady zahrnuj\u00ed USB 2.0, USB 3.0, v\u00fdstupn\u00ed svorky, LAN nebo jin\u00e1 m\u00edsta, kde u\u017eivatel p\u0159ipojuje nebo odpojuje konektor, m\u00edsta, kde se dot\u00fdk\u00e1 ovl\u00e1dac\u00edho tla\u010d\u00edtka za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo kde se za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dot\u00fdk\u00e1 pracovn\u00edho povrchu b\u011bhem v\u00fdrobn\u00edho procesu, a p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy jsou desky nebo jin\u00e9 komponenty vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojeny konektorem.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Silikonov\u00e1 podlo\u017eka pro p\u00e1jen\u00ed 450x300mm.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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P\u0159i p\u00e1jen\u00ed doma i v d\u00edln\u011b se m\u016f\u017eete spolehnout na<\/span> ESD antistatick\u00e9 podlo\u017eky<\/a><\/strong>, kter\u00e9 se nav\u00edc vyzna\u010duj\u00ed odolnost\u00ed v\u016f\u010di chemick\u00fdm l\u00e1tk\u00e1m. Tak\u00e9 u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 ESD kart\u00e1\u010de a \u0161t\u011btce<\/strong><\/a> k odstran\u011bn\u00ed tavidla<\/strong><\/a> nebo k \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed drobn\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek, jako jsou nap\u0159. tranzistory<\/strong><\/a>, diody<\/strong><\/a> a prakticky v\u0161echny odhalen\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno: \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stek v elektronice \u010d\u00edmkoli m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro n\u011b smrteln\u00e9<\/strong>. P\u0159i nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00e9ho laku se v\u00e1m bude hodit tak\u00e9 spr\u00e1vn\u011b navr\u017een\u00fd \u0161t\u011btec nebo \u0161t\u011btka.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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ESD za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed - rozli\u0161en\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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P\u00edsmeno D<\/strong> ve slov\u011b ESD obvykle znamen\u00e1 \u201edischarge\u201d<\/strong> tj. ” v\u00fdboj “<\/strong>. Stoj\u00ed za to v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee znamenat tak\u00e9 “device<\/strong>“, tedy za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/strong> – pon\u011bkud ne\u0161\u0165astn\u011b vznikla tato anglickojazy\u010dn\u00e1 zkratka. Ozna\u010duj\u00ed se n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm symbolem, kter\u00e9ho jste si mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u0161imli jako n\u00e1lepky v obchodech s hygienick\u00fdmi pot\u0159ebami.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed citliv\u00e9 na elektrostatick\u00fd v\u00fdboj, ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 zkratkou ESD, je jak\u00e1koli sou\u010d\u00e1stka, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm elektrick\u00e1, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt po\u0161kozen\u00e1 b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm elektrostatick\u00fdm n\u00e1bojem. Nej\u010dast\u011bji jsou zmi\u0148ov\u00e1ny tranzistory MOSFET, karty pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v IT, nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010dipy, n\u011bkter\u00e9 typy diod a vysoce p\u0159esn\u00e9 rezistory.<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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ESD – n\u011bkdy je to lusknut\u00ed prsty, ale \u010dasto tak\u00e9 prakticky nepozorovan\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f v elektronice. Zjist\u011bte, o co se jedn\u00e1 a jak se chr\u00e1nit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":64863,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[548,549,557],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika-cs","category-kompendium-cs","category-zajimavosti"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nESD - co je to? - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Botland Blog - kompendium znalost\u00ed pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho nad\u0161ence do elektroniky, robotiky, 3D tisku a dal\u0161\u00edch obor\u016f. 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