{"id":65276,"date":"2023-07-06T12:05:38","date_gmt":"2023-07-06T10:05:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/spalony-bezpiecznik-jak-sprawdzic\/"},"modified":"2026-04-08T11:09:25","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T09:09:25","slug":"spalena-pojistka-jak-ji-zkontrolovat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/spalena-pojistka-jak-ji-zkontrolovat\/","title":{"rendered":"Sp\u00e1len\u00e1 pojistka – jak ji zkontrolovat?"},"content":{"rendered":"\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> 3<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t
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\nP\u0159ep\u00e1len\u00e1 pojistka je jedn\u00edm z b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 se mohou vyskytnout v elektrick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu dom\u00e1cnosti nebo automobilu. Zjist\u011bte, jak ji rozpoznat a opravit.\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Co je to pojistka a kde se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1?<\/h2><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pojistka<\/strong><\/a> elektrick\u00e1<\/strong> je jedn\u00edm z nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch prvk\u016f v architektu\u0159e elektrick\u00fdch instalac\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad v dom\u00e1cnosti nebo v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu). Funguje jako bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00edm, tj. p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00fdm pr\u016ftokem proudu po ur\u010ditou dobu.<\/strong> Pokud hodnota proudu p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed ur\u010ditou mez, dal\u0161\u00ed tok proudu se zastav\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed funkc\u00ed elektrick\u00fdch pojistek je chr\u00e1nit s\u00ed\u0165ovou infrastrukturu a jej\u00ed u\u017eivatele p\u0159ed negativn\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho toku elektrick\u00e9 energie, jako je po\u017e\u00e1r nebo \u00faraz elektrick\u00fdm proudem<\/strong>. Krom\u011b toho pojistky do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00e1 elektrick\u00e1 a elektronick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159ed p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00edm nebo zkratem.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Pojistka WTA 5x20 mm - 250 V\/10 A.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Konstrukce pojistek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Jedn\u00edm z nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch typ\u016f elektrick\u00fdch pojistek je tavn\u00e1 pojistka<\/strong>. Uvnit\u0159 takov\u00e9ho prvku je speci\u00e1ln\u00ed vlo\u017eka z elektrick\u00e9ho vodi\u010de s p\u0159esn\u011b definovan\u00fdm odporem proti pr\u016ftoku elektrick\u00e9ho proudu v dan\u00e9m \u010dase. Pokud je tato hodnota p\u0159ekro\u010dena, vlo\u017eka se roztav\u00ed a dojde k p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho obvodu.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Jak pozn\u00e1te sp\u00e1lenou pojistku?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Nefunk\u010dn\u00ed elektrick\u00fd obvod v dom\u00e1c\u00edm nebo automobilov\u00e9m elektrick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zn\u00e1mkou sp\u00e1len\u00e9 pojistky. Jakmile zjist\u00edte m\u00edsto potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed poruchy a pojistku, kter\u00e1 za ni m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1, m\u016f\u017eete zkontrolovat funkci t\u00e9to sou\u010d\u00e1sti n\u011bkolika zp\u016fsoby.<\/p>\n

Vzhled a z\u00e1pach<\/h3>\n

P\u0159ep\u00e1len\u00e1 pojistka, zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b automobilov\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed pr\u016fhledn\u00e9 kryty, ztmavne<\/strong>. Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee vyd\u00e1vat z\u00e1pach sp\u00e1leniny<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Testov\u00e1n\u00ed pojistky pomoc\u00ed testeru kontinuity elektrick\u00e9ho obvodu<\/h3>\n

Pokud nelze z vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho vzhledu jednozna\u010dn\u011b ur\u010dit, zda je pojistka p\u0159ep\u00e1len\u00e1, lze ji otestovat pomoc\u00ed m\u011b\u0159i\u010de spojitosti elektrick\u00e9ho obvodu<\/strong>. Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem p\u0159ipojte testovac\u00ed kol\u00edky k pojistkov\u00fdm vodi\u010d\u016fm a pot\u00e9 prove\u010fte test. Pokud je pojistka v po\u0159\u00e1dku, obvod se nep\u0159eru\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e by m\u011bl m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj signalizovat zvukov\u00fdm sign\u00e1lem nebo p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Testov\u00e1n\u00ed pojistky pomoc\u00ed m\u011b\u0159i\u010de odporu<\/h3>\n

P\u0159\u00edpadnou sp\u00e1lenou pojistku lze zkontrolovat tak\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed m\u011b\u0159i\u010de odporu<\/strong>. Po p\u0159ilo\u017een\u00ed m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch sond k pojistkov\u00fdm vodi\u010d\u016fm spus\u0165te m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed odporu. Pokud je hodnota elektrick\u00e9ho odporu velmi vysok\u00e1 nebo za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed hl\u00e1s\u00ed p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed obvodu, je pojistka p\u0159ep\u00e1len\u00e1. Jinak by hodnota odporu m\u011bla odpov\u00eddat jmenovit\u00e9mu odporu pojistky deklarovan\u00e9mu v\u00fdrobcem.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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V\u00fdm\u011bna sp\u00e1len\u00e9 pojistky v aut\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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V\u00fdm\u011bnu sp\u00e1len\u00e9 pojistky ve vozidle<\/a><\/strong> lze prov\u00e9st v servisu nebo sv\u00e9pomoc\u00ed p\u0159i dodr\u017een\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed (s vypnut\u00fdm motorem!). Nejprve vyhledejte p\u0159ep\u00e1lenou pojistku. V\u0161echny elektrick\u00e9 pojistky v automobilech jsou um\u00edst\u011bny ve speci\u00e1ln\u00edch sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148k\u00e1ch<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt v z\u00e1vislosti na modelu vozidla a typu chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho obvodu um\u00edst\u011bny pod maskou automobilu, pod p\u0159\u00edstrojovou deskou, pod sedadlem spolujezdce nebo v zavazadlov\u00e9m prostoru<\/strong> (v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pochybnost\u00ed se pod\u00edvejte na um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky v p\u0159\u00edru\u010dce k vozidlu). <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Mini sada pojistek do auta 5-30A - 10ks.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Po otev\u0159en\u00ed krabice najd\u011bte vadnou pojistku pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1mi uveden\u00fdch metod (komponenty lze vyjmout z patic a znovu nainstalovat pomoc\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch kle\u0161t\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou obvykle sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed balen\u00ed). Po identifikaci vyho\u0159el\u00e9 pojistky je t\u0159eba ji vym\u011bnit za novou a ujistit se, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o sou\u010d\u00e1stku se stejn\u00fdmi parametry – to se obvykle ov\u011b\u0159uje podle standardn\u00edho barevn\u00e9ho zna\u010den\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobci a p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 informace by m\u011bly b\u00fdt uvedeny i na obalu pojistky.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pozor!<\/h3>\n

Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se probl\u00e9m s vyp\u00e1len\u00fdmi pojistkami ve vozidle, zejm\u00e9na pokud se t\u00fdk\u00e1 jednoho elektrick\u00e9ho obvodu, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zn\u00e1mkou \u0161patn\u011b funguj\u00edc\u00ed instalace<\/strong>. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je nutn\u00e9 obr\u00e1tit se na mechanika.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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V\u00fdm\u011bna vyho\u0159el\u00e9 pojistky v byt\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pojistky v dom\u00e1c\u00edch elektrick\u00fdch instalac\u00edch jsou pojistky typu D se z\u00e1vitem E27<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vym\u011bniteln\u00e9 z\u00e1str\u010dky (pojistkov\u00e9 vlo\u017eky). Sp\u00e1lenou pojistku m\u016f\u017eete vym\u011bnit sami doma, ale mus\u00edte p\u0159i tom dodr\u017eovat nezbytn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed. Po nalezen\u00ed vadn\u00e9 pojistky vypn\u011bte nap\u00e1jen\u00ed a opatrn\u011b od\u0161roubujte pojistkov\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek (pokud do\u0161lo k vyho\u0159en\u00ed ned\u00e1vno, je t\u0159eba db\u00e1t zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 opatrnosti, proto\u017ee m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt je\u0161t\u011b hork\u00fd).<\/p>\n

Na jej\u00ed m\u00edsto se pak mus\u00ed na\u0161roubovat nov\u00e1 z\u00e1tka (tavn\u00e1 vlo\u017eka) s odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edmi parametry. Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed jmenovitou hodnotu vlo\u017eky lze vy\u010d\u00edst z barevn\u00e9ho nebo \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9ho zna\u010den\u00ed. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed jednotkou pou\u017e\u00edvanou pro ozna\u010den\u00ed pojistek se z\u00e1vitem E27 je amp\u00e9r<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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P\u0159ep\u00e1len\u00e1 pojistka je jedn\u00edm z b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 se mohou vyskytnout v elektrick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu dom\u00e1cnosti nebo automobilu. Zjist\u011bte, jak ji rozpoznat a opravit.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":64889,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[548,549],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-65276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika-cs","category-kompendium-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSp\u00e1len\u00e1 pojistka - jak ji zkontrolovat? - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"P\u0159ep\u00e1len\u00e1 pojistka je jedn\u00edm z \u010dast\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f v dom\u00e1c\u00edch a automobilov\u00fdch instalac\u00edch. 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