{"id":66600,"date":"2023-03-31T06:25:08","date_gmt":"2023-03-31T04:25:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/higrometr-co-to-jest-i-jak-dziala\/"},"modified":"2023-07-21T15:36:19","modified_gmt":"2023-07-21T13:36:19","slug":"vlhkomer-co-to-je-a-jak-funguje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/vlhkomer-co-to-je-a-jak-funguje\/","title":{"rendered":"Vlhkom\u011br – co to je a jak funguje?"},"content":{"rendered":"\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> 3<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t
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\nExtr\u00e9mn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed se zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed svou vlhkost\u00ed. Pou\u0161t\u011b obsahuj\u00ed jen m\u00e1lo vody nebo v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dnou, zat\u00edmco proch\u00e1zka de\u0161tn\u00fdm pralesem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jako proch\u00e1zka pod sprchou. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vlhkosti je nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed a pr\u00e1v\u011b k tomuto \u00fa\u010delu je vlhkom\u011br nezbytn\u00fd. <\/strong>\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vlhkost a jej\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/h2><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Vlhkost<\/strong> je “vlhkost” vzduchu kolem n\u00e1s. Rozhodn\u011b ji lze c\u00edtit, ale ne v\u017edy je vid\u011bt. Jak tedy p\u0159esn\u011b zm\u011b\u0159it vlhkost? Obvykle se veli\u010diny m\u011b\u0159\u00ed ve v\u011bdeck\u00fdch jednotk\u00e1ch soustavy SI nebo mimo ni, jako jsou kilogramy, metry nebo sekundy, ale s vlhkost\u00ed je to trochu jinak. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Jedn\u00edm z mo\u017en\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed je tzv. m\u011brn\u00e1 vlhkost<\/span>, co\u017e je hmotnost vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry obsa\u017een\u00e9 v kilogramu vzduchu (v\u010detn\u011b vody). Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se v gramech na kilogram. Existuje velmi podobn\u00fd ukazatel, kter\u00fd se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 sm\u011b\u0161ovac\u00ed pom\u011br<\/span>, co\u017e je hmotnost vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry v kilogramu such\u00e9ho vzduchu, kter\u00fd se rovn\u011b\u017e zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 v gramech na kilogram. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Mnohem \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm je v\u0161ak <\/span>relativn\u00ed vlhkost<\/strong>, co\u017e je mno\u017estv\u00ed vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ry ve vzduchu v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s maxim\u00e1ln\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00edm, kter\u00e9 by tam mohlo b\u00fdt p\u0159i dan\u00e9 teplot\u011b. Zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 se v procentech, bez jak\u00fdchkoli jednotek. Za opravdu de\u0161tiv\u00e9ho a vlhk\u00e9ho dne m\u016f\u017ee relativn\u00ed vlhkost dos\u00e1hnout 90-100 %, zat\u00edmco za such\u00e9ho dne, kdy fouk\u00e1 v\u00edtr a je mal\u00e1 nebo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost de\u0161t\u011b, se bude bl\u00ed\u017eit 60-75 %. <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Mnoho rostlin reaguje na zm\u011bny vlhkosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0161i\u0161ky otev\u00edraj\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u0161i\u0161ky, kdy\u017e je sucho, aby uvolnily semena, ale konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed vlhkost je pro v\u011bt\u0161inu lid\u00ed bezv\u00fdznamn\u00e1. Proto se v p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00edch po\u010das\u00ed obvykle uv\u00e1d\u00ed relativn\u00ed vlhkost a snadno pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 vlhkom\u011bry jsou kalibrov\u00e1ny a takto jsou ozna\u010deny i hodnoty nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na jejich \u010d\u00edseln\u00edc\u00edch nebo displej\u00edch. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku budeme samoz\u0159ejm\u011b hovo\u0159it o sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vlhkom\u011brech, ne\u017e je \u0161i\u0161ka. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Jak funguje vlhkom\u011br? <\/h2><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Existuj\u00ed dva b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 typy vlhkom\u011br\u016f. Jedn\u00e1 se o mechanick\u00fd vlhkom\u011br<\/strong> a psychrometr<\/strong> (ne, ne “psychometr”) vlhk\u00e9ho a such\u00e9ho teplom\u011bru. Psychrometr<\/strong> je nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vlhkosti. Je vybaven dv\u011bma rtu\u0165ov\u00fdmi teplom\u011bry, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jeden m\u00e1 mokr\u00fd teplom\u011br a druh\u00fd such\u00fd teplom\u011br. V d\u016fsledku odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed vody na mokr\u00e9m teplom\u011bru teplota kles\u00e1 a ukazuje se ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed teplota ne\u017e na such\u00e9m teplom\u011bru. Rozd\u00edl mezi ob\u011bma \u00fadaji teploty se rovn\u00e1 mno\u017estv\u00ed relativn\u00ed vlhkosti v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e. <\/p>\n

Mechanick\u00fd vlhkom\u011br vy\u017eaduje o n\u011bco v\u00edce \u00fasil\u00ed p\u0159i ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b vlhkosti v m\u00edstnosti. Funguje na z\u00e1klad\u011b organick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, jako jsou \u0161t\u011btiny, jejich\u017e chov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edpov\u00eddat mno\u017estv\u00ed vlhkosti ve vzduchu. Lidsk\u00e9 vlasy maj\u00ed tendenci krepat\u011bt, kdy\u017e je ve vzduchu hodn\u011b vlhkosti nebo kdy\u017e je venku velk\u00e9 horko. Odtud je snadn\u00e9 pochopit, jak mechanick\u00e9 vlhkom\u011bry funguj\u00ed. Vlasy jsou p\u0159ipevn\u011bny k pru\u017ein\u011b a jehlov\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstroji, kter\u00fd je vystavuje vlhkosti, a z reakce materi\u00e1lu lze ode\u010d\u00edst \u00farove\u0148 vlhkosti. Ob\u011b metody jsou \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9, i kdy\u017e prvn\u00ed z nich se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vlhkom\u011bry a elektronika, tj. m\u011b\u0159i\u010d vlhkosti jako senzor<\/h2><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Vlhkom\u011br a teplom\u011br Benetech GM1362.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Vlhkom\u011bry<\/strong> v prodejn\u011b Botland pat\u0159\u00ed do kategorie senzor\u016f ozna\u010dovan\u00fdch jako multifunk\u010dn\u00ed senzory<\/a>. Jedn\u00e1 se o samomont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed komponenty. Vlhkom\u011brn\u00e9 moduly obvykle kombinuj\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bnou funkci m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed teploty a vlhkosti v r\u00e1mci jednoho modulu, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad moduly dostupn\u00e9 v \u0161irok\u00e9m sortimentu senzor\u016f Iduino<\/a>. Funkc\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00edce, nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tlaku (barometr). Ve specifikaci je t\u0159eba uv\u00e9st rozsahy m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed bez ohledu na to, o jak\u00fd parametr se jedn\u00e1. Jakmile se sezn\u00e1m\u00edte s p\u0159\u00edvody k senzor\u016fm, m\u016f\u017eete je voln\u011b ovl\u00e1dat pomoc\u00ed Arduino<\/a> nebo jin\u00e9ho mikrokontrol\u00e9ru. Aplikac\u00ed je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b mnoho, stejn\u011b jako n\u00e1pad\u016f na design – inkub\u00e1tory, sauny, p\u00e9\u010de o d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 hudebn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, jako jsou kytary a housle, nebo chytr\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vlhkom\u011bry v meteorologick\u00fdch stanic\u00edch<\/h2><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Meteorologick\u00e1 stanice je m\u00edsto, kde je instalov\u00e1n soubor p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky a ur\u010duj\u00ed stav po\u010das\u00ed a klimatu v ur\u010dit\u00e9 oblasti. V\u011bt\u0161ina meteorologick\u00fdch stanic m\u011b\u0159\u00ed teplotu, vlhkost, barometrick\u00fd tlak, rychlost a sm\u011br v\u011btru a sr\u00e1\u017eky. Ne ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00ed, \u017ee tyto funkce mohou plnit i meteorologick\u00e9 stanice ur\u010den\u00e9 pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/a>. Obvykle maj\u00ed teplom\u011br a vlhkom\u011br a n\u011bkdy se ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako termohygrometr. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vlhkosti uvnit\u0159 nebo venku. Pokud m\u00e1te doma nebo v kancel\u00e1\u0159i neust\u00e1le suchou poko\u017eku nebo dokonce pot\u00ed\u017ee s d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00edm, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vhodn\u00e9 zkontrolovat \u00farove\u0148 vlhkosti v ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti. Vlhkom\u011br sice nem\u016f\u017ee zabr\u00e1nit nap\u0159\u00edklad vzniku pl\u00edsn\u00ed, ale m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e1s varovat d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e probl\u00e9m vznikne. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vlhkom\u011br neboli m\u011b\u0159i\u010d vlhkosti – jednoduch\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd je k dispozici tak\u00e9 jako mont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed modul a kter\u00fd obohat\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd elektronick\u00fd projekt o nov\u00e9 funkce.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":63503,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[548,557],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-66600","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika-cs","category-zajimavosti"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nVlhkom\u011br - co to je a jak funguje? - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nav\u0161tivte internetov\u00fd obchod a blog Botland! 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