{"id":67121,"date":"2023-02-01T09:48:41","date_gmt":"2023-02-01T08:48:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/interfejs-do-kwadratu-magistrala-i2c-co-to-jest\/"},"modified":"2023-08-10T12:53:52","modified_gmt":"2023-08-10T10:53:52","slug":"rozhrani-do-ctverce-sbernice-i2c-co-to-je","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/rozhrani-do-ctverce-sbernice-i2c-co-to-je\/","title":{"rendered":"Rozhran\u00ed do \u010dtverce. Sb\u011brnice I2C &#8211; co to je?"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 3<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"67121\" class=\"elementor elementor-67121 elementor-21153\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-845e302 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"845e302\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-29e29e3\" data-id=\"29e29e3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42cb57d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"42cb57d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>I\u00b2C neboli Inter-Integrated Circuit je <span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">synchronn\u00ed <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">s\u00e9riov\u00e1 komunika\u010dn\u00ed sb\u011brnice<\/span>.<span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"> Byla zalo\u017eena v roce 1982 spole\u010dnost\u00ed Philips Semiconductor (nyn\u00ed nizozemsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost NXP Semiconductors). \u0160iroce se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i p\u0159ipojov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b rychl\u00fdch perifern\u00edch obvod\u016f k procesor\u016fm a mikrokontrol\u00e9r\u016fm pro komunikaci na kr\u00e1tkou vzd\u00e1lenost, zejm\u00e9na uvnit\u0159 desky. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b I<\/span>\u00b2<span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">C sen\u011bkdy p\u00ed\u0161e jako I2C (I-two-C) nebo IIC.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbb2b63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dbb2b63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 architektu\u0159e je sb\u011brnice nebo bus (zkratka z latinsk\u00e9ho <i>omnibus)<\/i> komunika\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed data mezi komponentami v r\u00e1mci po\u010d\u00edta\u010de nebo mezi po\u010d\u00edta\u010di navz\u00e1jem. Tento v\u00fdraz zahrnuje v\u0161echny souvisej\u00edc\u00ed hardwarov\u00e9 komponenty &#8211; nap\u0159\u00edklad kabel nebo optick\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno &#8211; a software v\u010detn\u011b protokol\u016f.<\/p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fecd276 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fecd276\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/bus-300x225.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-56277\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/bus-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/bus.jpg 700w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">\u010cip Winbond - sb\u011brnice s n\u00edzk\u00fdm po\u010dtem pin\u016f (LPC) p\u0159edstaven\u00e1 spole\u010dnost\u00ed Intel v roce 1998.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62da448 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"62da448\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prvn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 sb\u011brnice byly paraleln\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 vodi\u010de s n\u011bkolika hardwarov\u00fdmi p\u0159ipojen\u00edmi, ale nyn\u00ed se tento term\u00edn pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro jak\u00fdkoli fyzick\u00fd obvod, kter\u00fd pln\u00ed stejnou logickou funkci jako paraleln\u00ed elektrick\u00e1 sb\u011brnice. Modern\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 sb\u011brnice mohou vyu\u017e\u00edvat paraleln\u00ed i s\u00e9riov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed a mohou b\u00fdt zapojeny v topologii multidrop (kdy jsou v\u0161echny komponenty zapojeny do elektrick\u00e9ho obvodu) nebo \u0159et\u011bzce, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b mohou b\u00fdt p\u0159ipojeny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159ep\u00ednan\u00fdch rozbo\u010dova\u010d\u016f, jako je tomu v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b USB.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-834fd3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"834fd3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sb\u011brnice v minulosti a sou\u010dasnosti<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90b61ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"90b61ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prvn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de obsahovaly vestav\u011bn\u00fd procesor s elektronkami, magnetick\u00fd buben jako hlavn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 a d\u011brnou p\u00e1sku a tisk\u00e1rnu pro \u010dten\u00ed a z\u00e1pis dat. Modern\u00ed syst\u00e9my jsou obvykle vybaveny v\u00edcej\u00e1drov\u00fdm procesorem, pam\u011bt\u00ed DDR4 SDRAM, diskem pro sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat, grafickou kartou a <a href=\"\/596-wyswietlacze-lcd-tft-i-ips\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">displejem LCD<\/a> a kone\u010dn\u011b: my\u0161\u00ed a kl\u00e1vesnic\u00ed pro interakci a p\u0159ipojen\u00edm WiFi. V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed data mezi v\u0161emi t\u011bmito za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 sb\u011brnice v t\u00e9 \u010di on\u00e9 podob\u011b.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7366c5f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7366c5f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-d3b3636\" data-id=\"d3b3636\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-caf5f0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"caf5f0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b tradi\u010dn\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch architektur jsou procesor a opera\u010dn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 \u00fazce propojeny. Mikroprocesor je obvykle jeden \u010dip, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 na sv\u00fdch v\u00fdvodech \u0159adu elektrick\u00fdch spoj\u016f, jimi\u017e lze vybrat &#8220;adresu&#8221; v hlavn\u00ed pam\u011bti, a dal\u0161\u00ed sadu v\u00fdvod\u016f pro \u010dten\u00ed a z\u00e1pis dat ulo\u017een\u00fdch na tomto m\u00edst\u011b. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f sd\u00edlej\u00ed procesor a pam\u011b\u0165 spole\u010dn\u00e9 signaliza\u010dn\u00ed vlastnosti a pracuj\u00ed synchronn\u011b. Sb\u011brnice spojuj\u00edc\u00ed procesor a pam\u011b\u0165 je jedn\u00edm z ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch prvk\u016f syst\u00e9mu a \u010dasto se ozna\u010duje jednodu\u0161e jako syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 sb\u011brnice.<\/p>\n<p>Vyvinut\u00fd na po\u010d\u00e1tku 80. let 20. stolet\u00ed. Standard I2C m\u011bl p\u0159enosovou rychlost 100 kb\/s a 7bitov\u00fd adresn\u00ed prostor. Pod\u00edvejme se na n\u011bj bl\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1394c1f\" data-id=\"1394c1f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de3f08c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"de3f08c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"330\" height=\"362\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/i2c-logo.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-56278\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/i2c-logo.png 330w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/i2c-logo-273x300.png 273w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 330px) 100vw, 330px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-593fb07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"593fb07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">I2C - \u00favod<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ceb7218 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ceb7218\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Od poloviny 90. let se na trhu objevilo n\u011bkolik konkurent\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad Siemens (pozd\u011bji vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00fd z Infineon Technologies, nyn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 divize Intel Mobile Communications), NEC, Texas Instruments, STMicroelectronics (d\u0159\u00edve SGS-Thomson), Motorola (pozd\u011bji Freescale, nyn\u00ed slou\u010den\u00fd s NXP), Nordic Semiconductor a Intersil. kompatibiln\u00ed produkty I2C. Sb\u011brnice SMBus (System Management Bus), definovan\u00e1 spole\u010dnost\u00ed Intel v roce 1995, je podmno\u017einou sb\u011brnice I2C s p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pou\u017eit\u00edm. Modern\u00ed syst\u00e9my I2C zahrnuj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e1 pravidla a principy SMBus, n\u011bkdy podporuj\u00ed jak I2C, tak SMBus, co\u017e vy\u017eaduje pouze minim\u00e1ln\u00ed rekonfiguraci vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f nebo spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed v\u00fdstupn\u00edch pin\u016f.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef7478f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ef7478f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">N\u00e1vrh rozhran\u00ed I2C<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-594834f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"594834f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Referen\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1vrh I2C m\u00e1 7bitov\u00fd adresn\u00ed prostor se z\u0159\u00eddka pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm 10bitov\u00fdm roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm. Typick\u00e9 rychlosti sb\u011brnice I2C jsou 100 kbit\/s ve standardn\u00edm re\u017eimu a 400 kbit\/s v rychl\u00e9m re\u017eimu. K dispozici je tak\u00e9 n\u00edzkorychlostn\u00ed re\u017eim 10 kbit\/s, ale povoleny jsou i libovoln\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 taktovac\u00ed frekvence. Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed revize I2C podporuj\u00ed v\u00edce uzl\u016f a pracuj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi rychlostmi (rychl\u00fd re\u017eim 400 kbit\/s, rychl\u00fd re\u017eim 1 Mbit\/s, vysokorychlostn\u00ed re\u017eim 3,4 Mbit\/s a ultra rychl\u00fd re\u017eim 5 Mbit\/s). Tyto rychlosti se \u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ve vestav\u011bn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech ne\u017e v osobn\u00edch po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch. Typick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed je 5 V nebo 3,3 V, ale p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 jsou i syst\u00e9my s jin\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>Skute\u010dn\u00e1 rychlost u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch dat je ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e by nazna\u010dovaly samotn\u00e9 \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 p\u0159enosov\u00e9 rychlosti. Pokud nap\u0159\u00edklad ka\u017ed\u00e1 interakce s pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm neefektivn\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159en\u00e9st pouze 1 bajt dat, bude datov\u00e1 rychlost men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e polovina \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 p\u0159enosov\u00e9 rychlosti.<\/p>\n<p>Po\u010det uzl\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou existovat na dan\u00e9 sb\u011brnici I2C, je omezen adresn\u00edm prostorem a tak\u00e9 celkovou kapacitou sb\u011brnice 400 pF, co\u017e omezuje praktick\u00e9 komunika\u010dn\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti na n\u011bkolik metr\u016f. Relativn\u011b vysok\u00e1 impedance a n\u00edzk\u00e1 odolnost proti \u0161umu vy\u017eaduje spole\u010dn\u00fd zemn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l, co\u017e op\u011bt omezuje praktick\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed na komunikaci v r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9 desky PC nebo mal\u00e9ho deskov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sb\u011brnice I2C je jedn\u00edm z nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch standard\u016f pro lok\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00e9riovou komunikaci v digit\u00e1ln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch. Nau\u010dte se z\u00e1klady a praktick\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed I2C!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":61827,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[548,549],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-67121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika-cs","category-kompendium-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rozhran\u00ed do \u010dtverce. Sb\u011brnice I2C - co to je? - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/rozhrani-do-ctverce-sbernice-i2c-co-to-je\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rozhran\u00ed do \u010dtverce. Sb\u011brnice I2C - co to je? - Botland\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sb\u011brnice I2C je jedn\u00edm z nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch standard\u016f pro lok\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00e9riovou komunikaci v digit\u00e1ln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch. 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