{"id":67171,"date":"2023-08-10T06:00:55","date_gmt":"2023-08-10T04:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/rezonatory-kwarcowe-czym-sa-rodzaje-i-zastosowanie\/"},"modified":"2026-04-08T11:08:40","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T09:08:40","slug":"kremenne-rezonatory-co-to-je-typy-a-pouziti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/kremenne-rezonatory-co-to-je-typy-a-pouziti\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u0159emenn\u00e9 rezon\u00e1tory – co to je? Typy a pou\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> 3<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t
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\nK\u0159emenn\u00e9 rezon\u00e1tory jsou sou\u010d\u00e1stky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v elektronice k udr\u017een\u00ed p\u0159esnosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u010dasu. \n<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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K\u0159emenn\u00e9 rezon\u00e1tory - co to je?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ka\u017ed\u00e9 hodinky a po\u010d\u00edta\u010d obsahuj\u00ed k\u0159emenn\u00fd rezon\u00e1tor<\/strong><\/a>. Jedn\u00e1 se o sou\u010d\u00e1stku, kter\u00e1 se v elektronice pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed rovnom\u011brn\u00e9 frekvence kmit\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>. D\u00edky n\u011bmu je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b m\u011b\u0159it \u010das pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely – jak v n\u00e1ramkov\u00fdch hodink\u00e1ch pro informaci u\u017eivatele, tak v po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u00edch pro synchronizaci digit\u00e1ln\u00edch sign\u00e1l\u016f. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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V elektronice se k podobn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm n\u011bkdy pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tzv. diskr\u00e9tn\u00ed obvody<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed kondenz\u00e1tory, rezistory a tranzistory<\/strong>. Je t\u0159eba si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee takov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed d\u00e1v\u00e1 mnohem hor\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u00e1ch teploty, vlhkosti nebo prost\u011b hodnoty parametr\u016f nap\u00e1jen\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Gener\u00e1tory pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro hodiny nebo v procesorech mus\u00ed vykazovat mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed stabilitu a odolnost v\u016f\u010di vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m. Quartzov\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory<\/strong> se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed t\u011bmito vlastnostmi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
16MHz k\u0159emenn\u00e9 rezon\u00e1tory - UC49 - SMD - dostupn\u00e9 v Botlandu.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Dal\u0161\u00ed typy rezon\u00e1tor\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Keramick\u00e9 rezon\u00e1tory<\/strong> se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 v elektronice. Stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku, \u017ee maj\u00ed mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esnost, a proto se v procesorech a hodin\u00e1ch nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed. P\u0159esnost je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o dva \u0159\u00e1dy PPM (Parts Per Million) ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s k\u0159emenn\u00fdmi rezon\u00e1tory<\/strong>. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159esnost keramick\u00e9ho gener\u00e1toru by tedy byla p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 0,5 %. Takov\u00e9 gener\u00e1tory se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad v hra\u010dk\u00e1ch nebo jin\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, kter\u00e1 nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed vysokou p\u0159esnost. <\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem gener\u00e1tor\u016f jsou k\u0159em\u00edkov\u00e9 rezon\u00e1tory<\/strong> – ani ty nejsou stabiln\u00ed, ale jejich velkou v\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee lze snadno naprogramovat frekvenci, na kter\u00e9 budou kmitat.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Jak funguje k\u0159emenn\u00fd rezon\u00e1tor?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Z pohledu elektronika je k\u0159emenn\u00fd rezon\u00e1tor obvykle mal\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1stka se dv\u011bma, t\u0159emi nebo \u010dty\u0159mi v\u00fdvody<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 je schopna generovat stejn\u00e9 oscilace s vysokou p\u0159esnost\u00ed. Uvnit\u0159 pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b t\u011bchto gener\u00e1tor\u016f se toti\u017e nach\u00e1z\u00ed velmi pe\u010dliv\u011b vy\u0159\u00edznut\u00fd kus k\u0159emene<\/strong> (oxidu k\u0159emi\u010dit\u00e9ho). Vysok\u00e1 p\u0159esnost je v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1, proto\u017ee specifick\u00e1 frekvence vibrac\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b na velikosti a tvaru \u0159ezan\u00e9ho k\u0159emenn\u00e9ho prvku. Ten m\u016f\u017ee oscilovat v rozmez\u00ed n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek kHz a\u017e n\u011bkolika set MHz. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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K\u0159emenn\u00fd rezon\u00e1tor se dv\u011bma v\u00fdvody.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Na obou konc\u00edch vznikl\u00e9ho kusu k\u0159emene se prvek “napr\u00e1\u0161\u00ed” kovem<\/span> a v t\u011bchto m\u00edstech se vytvo\u0159\u00ed vodi\u010de<\/span>. K\u0159emen za\u010dne kmitat, kdy\u017e je pod nap\u011bt\u00edm. Ty se v\u0161ak v\u017edy li\u0161\u00ed od frekvenc\u00ed, jako je sekunda nebo minuta.<\/p>\n

Standardn\u00ed k\u0159emenn\u00fd rezon\u00e1tor pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v hodink\u00e1ch generuje frekvenci 32 768 Hz<\/span>. Pr\u00e1v\u011b takov\u00e1 hodnota je v\u00fdhodn\u00e1, proto\u017ee po vhodn\u00e9m rozd\u011blen\u00ed takov\u00fdch \u010dast\u00fdch kmit\u016f z nich snadno vznikne \u010das jedn\u00e9 sekundy.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vysoce p\u0159esn\u00e9 k\u0159emenn\u00e9 rezon\u00e1tory aneb jak maximalizovat p\u0159esnost<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Vysok\u00e1 p\u0159esnost k\u0159emenn\u00fdch rezon\u00e1tor\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v hodin\u00e1ch nebo procesorech nen\u00ed vrcholem toho, \u010deho lze dos\u00e1hnout. V\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159esnost obvykle nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba, ale lze j\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout. K\u0159emenn\u00e9 rezon\u00e1tory maj\u00ed vysokou odolnost v\u016f\u010di zm\u011bn\u00e1m okoln\u00ed teploty<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 v\u0161ak m\u00e1 zanedbateln\u00fd vliv na frekvenci vibrac\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby jsou vytvo\u0159eny speci\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1doby<\/strong>, ve kter\u00fdch je udr\u017eov\u00e1na elektronicky \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 konstantn\u00ed teplota.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm faktorem, kter\u00fd destabilizuje rezon\u00e1tor, je zm\u011bna polohy<\/strong> – ta m\u00e1 na frekvenci mal\u00fd vliv, ale p\u0159esto je natolik v\u00fdznamn\u00e1, \u017ee jej\u00ed odstran\u011bn\u00ed zlep\u0161uje v\u00fdkon gener\u00e1toru. Rezon\u00e1tor je um\u00edst\u011bn nap\u0159\u00edklad na plo\u0161in\u011b, ke kter\u00e9 je p\u0159ipevn\u011bn akcelerometr nebo gyroskop<\/strong> (nebo oboj\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b). Krom\u011b toho mus\u00ed b\u00fdt k plo\u0161in\u011b p\u0159ipojen syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase anuluje jak\u00e9koli zm\u011bny polohy (nap\u0159\u00edklad elektromotory, kter\u00e9 plo\u0161inu ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed). T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem nemaj\u00ed zm\u011bny gravitace vliv na k\u0159emenn\u00fd rezon\u00e1tor, tak\u017ee je mnohem p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pou\u017eit\u00ed k\u0159emenn\u00fdch rezon\u00e1tor\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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K\u0159emenn\u00e9 rezon\u00e1tory jsou elektronick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 se za\u010daly ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e pou\u017e\u00edvat ve 20. letech XX stolet\u00ed. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v syst\u00e9mu Pierce<\/strong>, m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto v syst\u00e9mech Butler<\/strong>. Elektronici \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9 k\u0159emenn\u00e9 rezon\u00e1tory, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed dva v\u00fdvody z pouzdra, ale nez\u0159\u00eddka se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i pohodln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed modely – ty maj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i v\u00fdvody: nap\u00e1jen\u00ed, zem, v\u00fdvod pro v\u00fdstupn\u00ed sign\u00e1l a vstup pro sign\u00e1l zapnut\u00ed\/vypnut\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stky<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

K\u0159emenn\u00e9 rezon\u00e1tory se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 aplikace – p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro hodiny mikroprocesor\u016f<\/strong> (a proto se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed prakticky v ka\u017ed\u00e9m po\u010d\u00edta\u010di) a ve v\u0161ech druz\u00edch hodin<\/strong>. Jsou tak\u00e9 nezbytn\u00e9 pro synchronizaci digit\u00e1ln\u00edch sign\u00e1l\u016f,<\/strong> jako jsou zvukov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly<\/strong> – to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jsou nutn\u00e9 pro spr\u00e1vnou funkci portu USB nebo HDMI.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u0159emenn\u00e9 rezon\u00e1tory jsou sou\u010d\u00e1stky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v elektronice k udr\u017een\u00ed p\u0159esnosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u010dasu. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":67139,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[548,549],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-67171","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika-cs","category-kompendium-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nK\u0159emenn\u00e9 rezon\u00e1tory - co to je? Typy a pou\u017eit\u00ed - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"K\u0159emenn\u00e9 rezon\u00e1tory jsou gener\u00e1tory stabiln\u00edch oscilac\u00ed na ur\u010dit\u00e9 frekvenci. 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