{"id":69272,"date":"2023-08-29T06:00:01","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T04:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/mosfet-co-to-jest-i-do-czego-sluzy\/"},"modified":"2026-04-08T11:07:32","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T09:07:32","slug":"mosfet-co-to-je-a-k-cemu-slouzi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/mosfet-co-to-je-a-k-cemu-slouzi\/","title":{"rendered":"MOSFET – co to je a k \u010demu slou\u017e\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> 3<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t
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Mezi polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky pro sp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed a zesilov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1l\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed tranzistory MOSFET<\/strong>. Jejich velmi mal\u00e9 rozm\u011bry a revolu\u010dn\u00ed multifunk\u010dnost p\u0159i sp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed jim zajistily trval\u00e9 m\u00edsto v modern\u00ed elektronice.<\/p>\n

Zkratka MOSFET<\/a><\/strong> znamen\u00e1 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor<\/strong>a ozna\u010duje technologii v\u00fdroby tranzistor\u016f s polem \u00fa\u010dinku. Jedn\u00e1 se o typ polovodi\u010dov\u00e9ho tranzistoru, kter\u00fd se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v elektronice a digit\u00e1ln\u00edch obvodech. Tranzistor MOSFET lze popsat jako \u010dty\u0159koncov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se zdrojem (S), hradlem (G), odvodem (D) a t\u011blesem (B)<\/strong>. T\u011bleso tranzistoru MOSFET je p\u0159ipojeno ke zdrojov\u00e9 svorce, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznik\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edkoncov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, tranzistor s polem \u00fa\u010din\u00edku. MOSFET je proto pova\u017eov\u00e1n za tranzistor a je pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd jak v digit\u00e1ln\u00edch<\/strong>, tak v analogov\u00fdch obvodech<\/strong>. V tranzistoru MOSFET prot\u00e9k\u00e1 proud mezi zdrojem a odb\u011brem v z\u00e1vislosti na nap\u011bt\u00ed na hradle, kter\u00e9 \u0159\u00edd\u00ed vodivost kan\u00e1lu mezi zdrojem a odb\u011brem. To umo\u017e\u0148uje rychl\u00e9 a efektivn\u00ed p\u0159ep\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed proudu. D\u00edky tomu je MOSFET ide\u00e1ln\u00edm kandid\u00e1tem pro digit\u00e1ln\u00ed obvody, nap\u00e1jec\u00ed zdroje, regul\u00e1tory motor\u016f, v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 zesilova\u010de a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch elektronick\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Elektronika. MOSFET v minulosti a sou\u010dasnosti<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Patent MOSFET poch\u00e1z\u00ed z doby p\u0159ed druhou sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou. Rakousk\u00fd in\u017een\u00fdr Julius Edgar Lilienfeld<\/strong> se sna\u017eil spojit izola\u010dn\u00ed vrstvu oxidu kovu mezi kovov\u00fdm hradlem a polovodi\u010dov\u00fdm kan\u00e1lem. Jeho objev z roku 1925 byl nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pro v\u00fdvoj modern\u00ed elektroniky. Navzdory praktick\u00fdm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm Lilienfeldovy pr\u00e1ce se MOSFET prosadil a\u017e v 60. letech XX stolet\u00ed. Tehdy ameri\u010dt\u00ed konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i pou\u017eili izolaci p\u0159es oxid kovu na k\u0159em\u00edkov\u00e9 tranzistory a teprve tato vylep\u0161en\u00e1 verze tranzistoru MOSFET uk\u00e1zala sv\u011btu v\u00fdznam stability, \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnosti a v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch cest pro pokro\u010dil\u00e9 integrovan\u00e9 obvody.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Transistor N-MOSFET IRFZ34N - THT.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tZKONTROLUJTE U SPOLE\u010cNOSTI BOTLAND<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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V\u00fdroba tranzistor\u016f MOSFET m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u00e1kladn\u00e1, ale to z\u00e1vis\u00ed na \u0159ad\u011b faktor\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b objemu v\u00fdroby, technologie pou\u017eit\u00e9 ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edm procesu a konkurenceschopnosti na trhu. Samotn\u00fd v\u00fdrobn\u00ed proces MOSFET prob\u00edh\u00e1 v modern\u00edch tov\u00e1rn\u00e1ch na v\u00fdrobu polovodi\u010d\u016f, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 investice do infrastruktury a specializovan\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed. V\u00fdrobn\u00ed proces je slo\u017eit\u00fd a automatizovan\u00fd a zahrnuje mnoho krok\u016f, jako je litografie, nan\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed materi\u00e1lu, fotolitografie, lept\u00e1n\u00ed, iontov\u00e1 implantace<\/strong> a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch. Trh s tranzistory MOSFET je v\u0161ak dob\u0159e rozvinut\u00fd a konkuren\u010dn\u00ed. Je jist\u011b povzbudiv\u00e9, \u017ee se v\u00fdrobou tranzistor\u016f MOSFET zab\u00fdv\u00e1 \u0159ada sv\u011btov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u016f – nap\u0159\u00edklad ON Semiconductor, STMicroelectronics, Texas Instruments<\/strong> nebo komer\u010dn\u011b o n\u011bco zn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Toshiba<\/strong> – a to vede k rozmanitosti nab\u00eddky a rozd\u00edl\u016fm v cen\u00e1ch. Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdrobci polovodi\u010d\u016f se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v Asii, zejm\u00e9na v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreji a na Tchaj-wanu, ale v\u00fdznamn\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010di na trhu p\u016fsob\u00ed tak\u00e9 v USA a v Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Nap\u00e1jen\u00ed a elektronika s MOSFET<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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V oblasti nap\u00e1jen\u00ed a p\u0159em\u011bny energie jsou tranzistory MOSFET z\u00e1kladn\u00edm prvkem sp\u00ednan\u00fdch nap\u00e1jec\u00edch zdroj\u016f. Umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnou konverzi nap\u011bt\u00ed a p\u0159esn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed toku proudu<\/strong>. Jsou tak\u00e9 hojn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny v syst\u00e9mech \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed motor\u016f, a to jak v pr\u016fmyslu, tak v elektrick\u00fdch vozidlech, kter\u00e1 se t\u011b\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed oblib\u011b. Krom\u011b toho hraj\u00ed tranzistory MOSFET d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v pokro\u010dil\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, regul\u00e1torech nap\u011bt\u00ed a r\u016fzn\u00fdch typech m\u011bni\u010d\u016f energie. MOSFET se uplat\u0148uje tak\u00e9 v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 elektronice v oblasti digit\u00e1ln\u00edch obvod\u016f, kde se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro logick\u00e1 hradla, statickou pam\u011b\u0165 RAM (SRAM) a mikroprocesory.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Aplikace MOSFET - zvuk a hudba<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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MOSFET se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v digit\u00e1ln\u00edch obvodech<\/strong>, kde se z nich vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed logick\u00e1 hradla, statick\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165 RAM (SRAM) a mikroprocesory. D\u00edky sv\u00fdm vlastnostem je vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed tak\u00e9 jako zesilova\u010d zvuku<\/strong> ve vysoce kvalitn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech, kde zaji\u0161\u0165uje n\u00edzk\u00e9 zkreslen\u00ed zvuku a vysokou \u00fa\u010dinnost. <\/p>\n

Kytarov\u00e9 zesilova\u010de<\/strong> \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tranzistory MOSFET jako kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 prvky nebo jako sou\u010d\u00e1st obvod\u016f p\u0159edzesilova\u010d\u016f a d\u00edky sv\u00e9 schopnosti rychl\u00e9ho sp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch kytarov\u00fdch t\u00f3n\u016f a odezvy. Bez MOSFET\u016f by nebyly modern\u00ed efekty zkreslen\u00ed<\/strong> (overdrive), lampov\u00e9 zkreslen\u00ed<\/strong> (distortion) nebo efekty v mikrofonn\u00edch p\u0159edzesilova\u010d\u00edch<\/strong>. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 p\u0159enosn\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, jako jsou syntez\u00e1tory, samplery a zvukov\u00e9 moduly<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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MOSFET jako p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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N-kan\u00e1lov\u00fd MOSFET v re\u017eimu zes\u00edlen\u00ed (e-MOSFET) pracuje p\u0159i kladn\u00e9m vstupn\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong> a m\u00e1 vysok\u00fd vstupn\u00ed odpor<\/strong> – dalo by se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nekone\u010dn\u00fd – co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed jako sp\u00edna\u010de po p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jak\u00e9mukoli logick\u00e9mu hradlu nebo ovlada\u010di schopn\u00e9mu vytv\u00e1\u0159et kladn\u00fd v\u00fdstup. D\u00edky velmi vysok\u00e9mu vstupn\u00edmu odporu (hradla) lze bezpe\u010dn\u011b paraleln\u011b zapojit mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch tranzistor\u016f MOSFET, dokud nen\u00ed dosa\u017eeno po\u017eadovan\u00e9 proudov\u00e9 kapacity. Paraleln\u00ed zapojen\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch tranzistor\u016f MOSFET umo\u017e\u0148uje sp\u00ednat velk\u00e9 proudy nebo vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee, ale st\u00e1v\u00e1 se n\u00e1kladn\u00fdm a nepraktick\u00fdm z hlediska sou\u010d\u00e1stek i m\u00edsta na desce plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f. K p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto probl\u00e9mu byly vyvinuty v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 tranzistory s polem (Power Field Effect Transistors nebo Power FET).<\/p>\n

MOSFET v re\u017eimu zes\u00edlen\u00ed<\/strong> se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako sp\u00edna\u010d, proto\u017ee tyto tranzistory vy\u017eaduj\u00ed kladn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed na hradle pro “ON” a nulov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed pro “OFF”. Ty se pak st\u00e1vaj\u00ed praktick\u00fdmi p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010di a prvky, kter\u00e9 lze snadno kombinovat s logick\u00fdmi hradly.<\/p>\n

Ve vodiv\u00e9m re\u017eimu<\/strong> (“on”), kdy nap\u011bt\u00ed na hradle p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed ur\u010ditou prahovou hodnotu, vytvo\u0159\u00ed MOSFET v polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 vrstv\u011b mezi zdrojem a odtokem vodiv\u00fd kan\u00e1l. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u016f\u017ee proud voln\u011b prot\u00e9kat mezi zdrojem a odb\u011brem, co\u017e vede k zapnut\u00e9mu stavu MOSFETu, tj. jeho vodivosti. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b v re\u017eimu off (vypnuto), kdy je nap\u011bt\u00ed na hradle ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e prahov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, nevytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed MOSFET v polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 vrstv\u011b vodiv\u00fd kan\u00e1l, tak\u017ee mezi zdrojem a odtokem nem\u016f\u017ee prot\u00e9kat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd proud. V t\u00e9to situaci funguje MOSFET jako vyp\u00edna\u010d a proud j\u00edm nem\u016f\u017ee proch\u00e1zet. Z\u00e1v\u011brem se vra\u0165me k \u0159ad\u011b d\u0159\u00edve zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a pak nejl\u00e9pe pochop\u00edme, pro\u010d MOSFET zp\u016fsobil revoluci v modern\u00ed elektronice.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mezi polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky pro sp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed a zesilov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1l\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed tranzistory MOSFET. Jejich velmi mal\u00e9 rozm\u011bry a revolu\u010dn\u00ed multifunk\u010dnost p\u0159i sp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed jim zajistily trval\u00e9 m\u00edsto v modern\u00ed elektronice.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":68705,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[548,549],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-69272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika-cs","category-kompendium-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMOSFET - co to je a k \u010demu slou\u017e\u00ed? - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky, trendy v elektronice, kutilstv\u00ed a zaj\u00edmavosti - nav\u0161tivte n\u00e1s na Botland a na Botland Blogu!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/mosfet-co-to-je-a-k-cemu-slouzi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MOSFET - co to je a k \u010demu slou\u017e\u00ed? 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