{"id":71225,"date":"2023-09-27T14:00:09","date_gmt":"2023-09-27T12:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/przetwornica-step-up-co-to-jest-i-do-czego-sluzy\/"},"modified":"2026-04-08T11:05:22","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T09:05:22","slug":"step-up-menic-co-je-to-a-k-cemu-se-pouziva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/step-up-menic-co-je-to-a-k-cemu-se-pouziva\/","title":{"rendered":"Step up m\u011bni\u010d – Co je to a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1?"},"content":{"rendered":"\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> 3<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t
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M\u011bni\u010d step up je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed navr\u017een\u00e9 k zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b vstupn\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed (zdrojov\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed) na stanovenou \u00farove\u0148.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Co je to step-up m\u011bni\u010d?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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M\u011bni\u010d step up<\/strong><\/a> (step-up converter) pat\u0159\u00ed do skupiny za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ozna\u010dovan\u00fdch jako v\u00fdkonov\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 m\u011bni\u010de<\/strong>. Jejich \u00fakolem je \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b a bezpe\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e9st zdrojov\u00e9 stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed (vstupn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed) na odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdstupn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V ka\u017edodenn\u00edm pou\u017eit\u00ed step-up m\u011bni\u010de umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed efektivn\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00ed proudov\u00fdch spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016f<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed, ne\u017e je nap\u011bt\u00ed zdroje. Cel\u00e1 konstrukce s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed pulzn\u00edm provozem, je zalo\u017eena na m\u011bni\u010d\u00edch zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edch vstupn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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5V 1,2 A step-up m\u011bni\u010d se z\u00e1suvkou USB.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Step up m\u011bni\u010de - z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Princip \u010dinnosti pulzn\u00edch m\u011bni\u010d\u016f spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v cyklick\u00e9m zap\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed a vyp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>. Tyto procesy prob\u00edhaj\u00ed tak rychle, \u017ee nemaj\u00ed vliv na p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 spot\u0159ebi\u010de energie. Jak\u00e1 je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhoda m\u011bni\u010d\u016f s n\u00e1r\u016fstem v\u00fdkonu? P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm minim\u00e1ln\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty v\u00fdkonu a mal\u00e1 produkce tepla<\/strong> ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s line\u00e1rn\u00edmi stabiliz\u00e1tory pracuj\u00edc\u00edmi p\u0159i stejn\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a za stejn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek.<\/p>\n

M\u011bni\u010de, kter\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00ed nap\u00e1jec\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed, se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 z kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f s r\u016fznou kapacitou<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed jako filtry pro vyhlazen\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00fdstupn\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed. C\u00edvka<\/strong> (tlumivka) naproti tomu slou\u017e\u00ed jako z\u00e1sobn\u00edk. C\u00edvka ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 energii, kdy\u017e je m\u011bni\u010d p\u0159ipojen k nap\u00e1jen\u00ed. Tato elektronick\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st vy\u017eaduje nab\u00edjen\u00ed. Nab\u00edjec\u00ed c\u00edvka bohu\u017eel znemo\u017e\u0148uje nap\u00e1jen\u00ed spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016f p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch ke st\u0159\u00edda\u010di. Aby se zabr\u00e1nilo kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdstupn\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed, a t\u00edm nestabiln\u00edmu provozu p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch obvod\u016f, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u00fdrobci m\u011bni\u010d\u016f ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory<\/strong>. Energie ulo\u017een\u00e1 v c\u00edvce se zase uvoln\u00ed p\u0159i odpojen\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Provoz m\u011bni\u010de nap\u011bt\u00ed \u0159\u00edd\u00ed \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed jednotka<\/strong> (obvykle integrovan\u00fd obvod). Tranzistor MOSFET<\/strong> je zase zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, elektronickou sou\u010d\u00e1stku, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00e9st i velmi vysok\u00e9 proudy s prakticky nepost\u0159ehnuteln\u00fdmi energetick\u00fdmi ztr\u00e1tami. Dal\u0161\u00ed pasivn\u00ed elektronickou sou\u010d\u00e1stkou je k\u0159em\u00edkov\u00e1 dioda<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 za \u00fakol \u0159\u00eddit tok proudu v obvodu spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm sm\u011brem.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Co je\u0161t\u011b stoj\u00ed za to v\u011bd\u011bt o m\u011bni\u010d\u00edch nap\u011bt\u00ed?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Impulsn\u00ed m\u011bni\u010de nap\u011bt\u00ed, p\u0159esn\u011bji \u0159e\u010deno jejich c\u00edvky, se cyklicky<\/strong> zap\u00ednaj\u00ed na zdroj. Nap\u011bt\u00ed c\u00edvky se p\u0159i\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 ke zdrojov\u00e9mu nap\u011bt\u00ed (vstupn\u00edmu nap\u011bt\u00ed) a m\u011bni\u010d tak zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed na ur\u010ditou \u00farove\u0148 (nap\u0159. na 25 V).<\/p>\n

Impulsn\u00ed m\u011bni\u010de nap\u011bt\u00ed se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed vysokou \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed 70 % a\u017e 90 %. V praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina vstupn\u00edho v\u00fdkonu je k dispozici na v\u00fdstupu. Vybran\u00e9 modely maj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost 95 %.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Na co se zam\u011b\u0159it p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru m\u011bni\u010de nap\u011bt\u00ed?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Zdrojov\u00e9 m\u011bni\u010de nap\u011bt\u00ed se li\u0161\u00ed konstrukc\u00ed, v\u00fdstupn\u00edm proudem, rozsahem pracovn\u00edch teplot a dal\u0161\u00edmi elektrick\u00fdmi parametry<\/strong>. Vzhledem k tolika prom\u011bnn\u00fdm neexistuje univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed posilova\u010d nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00fd by poskytoval stabiln\u00ed a bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 nap\u00e1jen\u00ed jak\u00e9mukoli spot\u0159ebi\u010di proudu.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru m\u011bni\u010d\u016f zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edch nap\u011bt\u00ed je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost rozsahu zdrojov\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed a rozsahu v\u00fdstupn\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong> (v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u011bni\u010d\u016f vybaven\u00fdch regul\u00e1torem nap\u011bt\u00ed). Dal\u0161\u00edm technick\u00fdm parametrem je maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdstupn\u00ed proud<\/strong>. U mal\u00fdch zvy\u0161ovac\u00edch m\u011bni\u010d\u016f tento parametr kol\u00eds\u00e1 v rozmez\u00ed n\u011bkolika set miliamp\u00e9r\u016f. DIY projekty nebo hotov\u00e9 step-up m\u011bni\u010de tohoto typu jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou vybaveny goldpin konektory<\/strong>. <\/p>\n

Naproti tomu m\u011bni\u010de s proudovou kapacitou v \u0159\u00e1du n\u011bkolika amp\u00e9r\u016f maj\u00ed integrovan\u00e9 \u0161roubov\u00e9 konektory nebo otvory um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 na desce plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f<\/strong>. Vybran\u00e9 obvody pro zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed vstupn\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad vybaveny \u010dty\u0159mi vodi\u010di a \u0161esti otvory pro p\u00e1jec\u00ed konektory s rastrem 2,54 mm.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
LM2577- 5-56V 3A step-up m\u011bni\u010d.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 zvy\u0161ovac\u00ed m\u011bni\u010de<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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St\u0159\u00edda\u010de s v\u00fdkonem 100 W<\/strong> a v\u00edce se obvykle ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edda\u010de<\/strong>. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se mimo jin\u00e9 v automobilech<\/strong>, kde p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed 12 V na st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed 230 V. Automobilov\u00e9 m\u011bni\u010de umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 nap\u00e1jen\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 ke sv\u00e9mu provozu pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed 230 V ze z\u00e1suvky zapalova\u010de cigaret. Dal\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem nap\u00e1jen\u00ed m\u011bni\u010de je jeho p\u0159ipojen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo k baterii. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b z\u00e1suvka automobilu neomezuje kapacitu m\u011bni\u010de (pokud je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed proudov\u00e1 kapacita z\u00e1suvky zapalova\u010de cigaret).<\/p>\n

Vybran\u00e9 vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 zvy\u0161ovac\u00ed m\u011bni\u010de lze pou\u017e\u00edt ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 instalace z 24 V DC na 230 V AC.<\/strong> Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed tohoto typu se ide\u00e1ln\u011b hod\u00ed mj. pro. v n\u00e1kladn\u00edch automobilech. Za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bni\u010de nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 lze nap\u00e1jet z elektrick\u00fdch instalac\u00ed 12 V DC i 24 V DC a kter\u00e9 na v\u00fdstupu poskytuj\u00ed stabiln\u00ed st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed 230 V. P\u0159\u00edstroje tohoto typu jsou zpravidla vybaveny ochranou proti p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed, p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed. Aktivn\u00ed chlazen\u00ed v podob\u011b jednoho nebo v\u00edce ventil\u00e1tor\u016f zaji\u0161\u0165uje \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd odvod tepla. Pln\u00e1 sinusoida (sinusov\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh nap\u011bt\u00ed) nav\u00edc zaru\u010duje stabiln\u00ed a spolehliv\u00fd provoz i u n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch proudov\u00fdch spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho modelu vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho krokov\u00e9ho m\u011bni\u010de je t\u0159eba v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eit rozsah vstupn\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed a v\u00fdkon jednotky.<\/strong> V\u00fdrobci m\u011bni\u010d\u016f \u010dasto uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed 3 “typy” v\u00fdkonu. Prvn\u00ed je maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdkon, druh\u00fd je okam\u017eit\u00fd v\u00fdkon a t\u0159et\u00ed je pops\u00e1n jako trval\u00fd v\u00fdkon. Posledn\u00ed parametr je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee informuje u\u017eivatele o tom, s jak\u00fdm maxim\u00e1ln\u00edm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee st\u0159\u00edda\u010d trvale pracovat, ani\u017e by hrozilo riziko spojen\u00e9 mj. s n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edmi faktory s p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00edm.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u011bni\u010d step up je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed navr\u017een\u00e9 k zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b vstupn\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed (zdrojov\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed) na stanovenou \u00farove\u0148.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":71113,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[548,549],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-71225","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika-cs","category-kompendium-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nStep up m\u011bni\u010d - Co je to a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"M\u011bni\u010de nap\u011bt\u00ed step up zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed zdroje. Co stoj\u00ed za to o nich v\u011bd\u011bt? 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