{"id":71248,"date":"2023-09-26T14:00:35","date_gmt":"2023-09-26T12:00:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/czujnik-podczerwieni-co-to-jest-i-do-czego-sluzy\/"},"modified":"2026-04-08T11:05:29","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T09:05:29","slug":"infracerveny-senzor-co-to-je-a-k-cemu-se-pouziva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/infracerveny-senzor-co-to-je-a-k-cemu-se-pouziva\/","title":{"rendered":"Infra\u010derven\u00fd senzor – co to je a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1?"},"content":{"rendered":"\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> 3<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t
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Infra\u010derven\u00fd senzor, p\u0159esto\u017ee je v na\u0161em ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dasto bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed. P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si tento \u010dl\u00e1nek a zjist\u011bte, jak funguje, jak je strukturov\u00e1n a kde nach\u00e1z\u00ed sv\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed. Jste p\u0159ipraveni na po\u0159\u00e1dnou d\u00e1vku zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch znalost\u00ed? A je to tady!<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Konstruk\u010dn\u00ed sch\u00e9ma infra\u010derven\u00e9ho senzoru<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Infra\u010derven\u00e9 senzory<\/strong><\/a> jsou ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mnoha modern\u00edch technologi\u00ed. V nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed podob\u011b se infra\u010derven\u00fd senzor skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z n\u011bkolika kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. Zde jsou:<\/p>\n

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  1. Zdroj infra\u010derven\u00e9ho sv\u011btla<\/span> – prvek, kter\u00fd vyza\u0159uje infra\u010derven\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Obvykle se jedn\u00e1 o sv\u011btelnou diodu (LED) speci\u00e1ln\u011b navr\u017eenou pro generov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011btla v infra\u010derven\u00e9 oblasti.<\/li>\n
  2. Infra\u010derven\u00fd detektor<\/span> – dal\u0161\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st senzoru. Detektor je to obvykle fotodioda nebo fototranzistor citliv\u00fd na infra\u010derven\u00e9 sv\u011btlo.<\/li>\n
  3. Zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed obvod<\/span> – obvod, kter\u00fd interpretuje sign\u00e1l p\u0159ijat\u00fd z detektoru. M\u016f\u017ee obsahovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy filtr\u016f a zesilova\u010d\u016f, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed interpretovat p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00fd sign\u00e1l a rozhodnout, co s n\u00edm ud\u011blat.<\/li>\n
  4. Kryt<\/span> – v\u0161echny sou\u010d\u00e1sti infra\u010derven\u00e9ho senzoru jsou um\u00edst\u011bny ve speci\u00e1ln\u00edm krytu, kter\u00fd je chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed po\u0161kozen\u00edm a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vlivy, jako je prach a vlhkost.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Konstrukce infra\u010derven\u00e9ho senzoru m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed u pokro\u010dil\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jako jsou termokamery, kter\u00e9 mohou obsahovat slo\u017eitou optiku a elektroniku. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed konstruk\u010dn\u00ed sch\u00e9ma v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 stejn\u00e9<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Infra\u010derven\u00fd senzor - princip \u010dinnosti<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Princip infra\u010derven\u00e9ho senzoru je zalo\u017een na detekci infra\u010derven\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 je vyza\u0159ov\u00e1no nebo odr\u00e1\u017eeno r\u016fzn\u00fdmi objekty. Z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed infra\u010derven\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed je formou energie emitovan\u00e9 v\u0161emi objekty, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159i jak\u00e9koli teplot\u011b nad absolutn\u00ed nulou (-273,15 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia). <\/p>\n

    Ve skute\u010dnosti je to z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me “teplo”.<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    Infra\u010derven\u00fd p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d TSOP2236 - 36 kHz.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed postup infra\u010derven\u00e9ho senzoru lze popsat ve t\u0159ech kroc\u00edch:<\/p>\n

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    1. Emise<\/span> – v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b aktivn\u00edch senzor\u016f vyza\u0159uje infra\u010derven\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed zdroj infra\u010derven\u00e9ho sv\u011btla, obvykle LED dioda.<\/li>\n
    2. Detekce<\/span> – infra\u010derven\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed od objektu nebo je j\u00edm vyza\u0159ov\u00e1no, je n\u00e1sledn\u011b detekov\u00e1no infra\u010derven\u00fdm detektorem. Detektor generuje elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l \u00fam\u011brn\u00fd mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00e9ho infra\u010derven\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.<\/li>\n
    3. Interpretace<\/span> – elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l je pot\u00e9 p\u0159ed\u00e1n zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmu obvodu, kter\u00fd jej interpretuje a na jeho z\u00e1klad\u011b u\u010din\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad u televizoru m\u016f\u017ee obvod interpretovat sign\u00e1l z d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho ovlada\u010de a zm\u011bnit kan\u00e1l.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      U pasivn\u00edch senzor\u016f, jako jsou termovizn\u00ed senzory, neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd emisn\u00ed stupe\u0148. M\u00edsto toho tyto senzory detekuj\u00ed infra\u010derven\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vyza\u0159ovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo objekty v jejich zorn\u00e9m poli.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      Poznejte r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy infra\u010derven\u00fdch senzor\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Infra\u010derven\u00e9 senzory, a\u010dkoli pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fd princip \u010dinnosti, se mohou li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na aplikaci a specifick\u00fdch technologick\u00fdch po\u017eadavc\u00edch. Zde jsou uvedeny n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typy infra\u010derven\u00fdch senzor\u016f:<\/p>\n

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      1. Senzory PIR (Passive Infrared Sensor)<\/span> – pasivn\u00ed infra\u010derven\u00e9 senzory, kter\u00e9 detekuj\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vyza\u0159ovan\u00e9 infra\u010derven\u00fdmi t\u011blesy, ani\u017e by musely vytv\u00e1\u0159et vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.<\/li>\n
      2. Fototranzistorov\u00e9 senzory<\/span> – pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed fototranzistor citliv\u00fd na infra\u010derven\u00e9 sv\u011btlo.<\/li>\n
      3. Fotodiodov\u00e9 senzory<\/span> – podobn\u011b jako fototranzistorov\u00e9 sn\u00edma\u010de pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed prvek citliv\u00fd na infra\u010derven\u00e9 sv\u011btlo – fotodiodu.<\/li>\n
      4. Termoelektrick\u00e9 senzory<\/span> – pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed termopily k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed teplotn\u00edch zm\u011bn pomoc\u00ed detekce infra\u010derven\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.<\/li>\n
      5. Bolometrick\u00e9 senzory<\/span> – pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd m\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 vlastnosti v reakci na absorpci infra\u010derven\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u011bchto sn\u00edma\u010d\u016f m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed a v\u00fdhody a jejich v\u00fdb\u011br z\u00e1vis\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch po\u017eadavc\u00edch aplikace.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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        P\u0159\u00edklady pou\u017eit\u00ed infra\u010derven\u00fdch senzor\u016f v praxi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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        Infra\u010derven\u00e9 senzory maj\u00ed mnoho aplikac\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech. Jak v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, tak v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. Jak\u00e9 jsou mo\u017enosti pou\u017eit\u00ed?<\/p>\n

        Spot\u0159ebn\u00ed elektronika<\/h3>\n

        Jednou z nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aplikac\u00ed infra\u010derven\u00fdch senzor\u016f jsou d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 ovlada\u010de televizor\u016f, klimatizace nebo audio syst\u00e9m\u016f. U\u017eivatel stiskne tla\u010d\u00edtko na d\u00e1lkov\u00e9m ovlada\u010di, kter\u00e9 vys\u00edl\u00e1 specifick\u00fd vzor infra\u010derven\u00e9ho sv\u011btla, kter\u00fd je n\u00e1sledn\u011b sn\u00edm\u00e1n senzorem v ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

        Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed syst\u00e9my<\/h3>\n

        Senzory PIR se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v zabezpe\u010dovac\u00edch syst\u00e9mech a detektorech pohybu. Detekuj\u00ed zm\u011bny v \u00farovni infra\u010derven\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou indikovat pohyb v jejich zorn\u00e9m poli.<\/p>\n

        Medic\u00edna<\/h3>\n

        Infra\u010derven\u00e9 teplom\u011bry pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed infra\u010derven\u00e9 senzory k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e9 teploty bez nutnosti fyzick\u00e9ho kontaktu. Jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 b\u011bhem pandemie pro teplotn\u00ed kontrolu.<\/p>\n

        Astronomie<\/h3>\n

        Infra\u010derven\u00e9 senzory se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v teleskopech ke studiu vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch hv\u011bzd a galaxi\u00ed. Umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed astronom\u016fm pozorovat jevy, kter\u00e9 jsou pro tradi\u010dn\u00ed optick\u00e9 dalekohledy neviditeln\u00e9.<\/p>\n

        Automatizace budov<\/h3>\n

        Infra\u010derven\u00e9 senzory se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed osv\u011btlen\u00ed nebo syst\u00e9m\u016f HVAC (vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed, klimatizace) v budov\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 se vyp\u00ednaj\u00ed, kdy\u017e nejsou p\u0159\u00edtomny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 osoby, co\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k \u00faspor\u00e1m energie.<\/p>\n

        To jsou jen n\u011bkter\u00e9 z mnoha mo\u017en\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed infra\u010derven\u00fdch senzor\u016f. Jsou kl\u00ed\u010dovou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mnoha technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 denn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me. Uv\u011bdomili jste si, \u017ee jsou ve va\u0161em \u017eivot\u011b tak v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9?<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Infra\u010derven\u00fd senzor, p\u0159esto\u017ee je v na\u0161em ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dasto bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed. P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si tento \u010dl\u00e1nek a zjist\u011bte, jak funguje, jak je strukturov\u00e1n a kde nach\u00e1z\u00ed sv\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed. Jste p\u0159ipraveni na po\u0159\u00e1dnou d\u00e1vku zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch znalost\u00ed? A je to tady!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":71048,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[548,549],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-71248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika-cs","category-kompendium-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nInfra\u010derven\u00fd senzor - co to je a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Seznamte se s infra\u010derven\u00fdmi senzory - od principu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159es r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy a\u017e po praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b i mimo n\u011bj.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/infracerveny-senzor-co-to-je-a-k-cemu-se-pouziva\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Infra\u010derven\u00fd senzor - co to je a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? 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