{"id":71547,"date":"2023-10-05T14:00:17","date_gmt":"2023-10-05T12:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/kondensator-ceramiczny-co-to-jest-i-do-czego-sluzy\/"},"modified":"2026-04-08T11:05:11","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T09:05:11","slug":"keramicky-kondenzator-co-to-je-a-k-cemu-se-pouziva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/keramicky-kondenzator-co-to-je-a-k-cemu-se-pouziva\/","title":{"rendered":"Keramick\u00fd kondenz\u00e1tor – co to je a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1?"},"content":{"rendered":"\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> 3<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t
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Keramick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory pat\u0159\u00ed do skupiny pasivn\u00edch elektronick\u00fdch (nebo elektrick\u00fdch) sou\u010d\u00e1stek schopn\u00fdch uchov\u00e1vat elektrickou energii.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Co je to kondenz\u00e1tor?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kondenz\u00e1tory<\/strong><\/a> pat\u0159\u00ed k nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm sou\u010d\u00e1stk\u00e1m v elektronice a elektrotechnice. Jsou tvo\u0159eny vodi\u010di, kter\u00e9 se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed kryty<\/strong>. Mezi nimi je l\u00e1tka nebo pevn\u00e1 l\u00e1tka, kter\u00e1 nevede elektrick\u00fd proud<\/strong>. Dielektrikum<\/strong>, ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako izolant<\/strong>, zabra\u0148uje kontaktu jednotliv\u00fdch ploch. Kryty jsou obvykle vyrobeny z kovu<\/strong>. Kdy\u017e se na kryty p\u0159ivede stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, za\u010dnou se na nich hromadit kladn\u00e9 a z\u00e1porn\u00e9 n\u00e1boje. Po odpojen\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 n\u00e1boje na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch krytech (jsou skladov\u00e9). Takov\u00fd stav se ozna\u010duje jako nabit\u00fd kondenz\u00e1tor<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Keramick\u00fd kondenz\u00e1tor 100nF\/50V THT - 10ks.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Jev uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 energie ulo\u017een\u00e9 v kondenz\u00e1torech lze pozorovat nap\u0159\u00edklad u nap\u00e1jec\u00edch zdroj\u016f<\/strong>, kde LED dioda vizu\u00e1ln\u011b indikuje jejich provozn\u00ed stav. V situaci, kdy je nap\u00e1jec\u00ed zdroj (nap\u0159. ur\u010den\u00fd k nap\u00e1jen\u00ed notebooku) odpojen od zdroje nap\u00e1jen\u00ed, se kontrolka LED nevypne okam\u017eit\u011b. Pro\u010d? Pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky nabit\u00fdm kondenz\u00e1tor\u016fm<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 uvol\u0148uj\u00ed energii a nap\u00e1jej\u00ed diodu je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik sekund po odpojen\u00ed z\u00e1str\u010dky.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed specifikace kondenz\u00e1toru<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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R\u016fzn\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory se li\u0161\u00ed konstrukc\u00ed, materi\u00e1ly pou\u017eit\u00fdmi p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b, velikost\u00ed, tvarem a kapacitou. Jedn\u00e1 se o nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed technick\u00fd parametr kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f, kter\u00fd ur\u010duje jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed. Kapacitu kondenz\u00e1toru<\/strong> je t\u0159eba ch\u00e1pat jako mno\u017estv\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje, kter\u00e9 tento prvek dok\u00e1\u017ee v jednom okam\u017eiku uchovat. Jin\u00fdmi slovy je to mno\u017estv\u00ed energie, kter\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tor dok\u00e1\u017ee uchovat, ne\u017e se maxim\u00e1ln\u011b nabije. Kapacita se vyjad\u0159uje ve faradech<\/strong>, ale pro zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed se obvykle ud\u00e1v\u00e1 v mikrofaradech, nanofaradech nebo pikofaradech.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Keramick\u00fd kondenz\u00e1tor - kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 informace<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Keramick\u00fd kondenz\u00e1tor<\/strong><\/a> je jedn\u00edm z nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch prvk\u016f pro ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed energie v elektronice a elektrotechnice. U keramick\u00fdch kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f se pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nev\u00e1lcuje, ale pokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se paraleln\u011b<\/strong> (vrstva po vrstv\u011b). D\u016fvodem jsou mimo jin\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 mechanick\u00e9 vlastnosti keramiky (k\u0159ehkost).<\/p>\n

Keramick\u00fd kondenz\u00e1tor m\u00e1 relativn\u011b malou kapacitu<\/strong> (men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jin\u00e9 typy kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f stejn\u00e9 velikosti). Nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 keramick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory maj\u00ed kapacitu od des\u00edtek pikofarad\u016f a\u017e po n\u011bkolik mikrofarad\u016f<\/strong>. D\u00edky materi\u00e1l\u016fm pou\u017eit\u00fdm p\u0159i jejich v\u00fdrob\u011b se v\u0161ak vyzna\u010duj\u00ed vysokou teplotn\u00ed stabilitou<\/strong>, a tedy dlouhou \u017eivotnost\u00ed a spolehliv\u00fdm provozem<\/strong>. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhodou keramick\u00fdch kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f je jejich extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1 kapacitn\u00ed tolerance<\/strong>. V praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee elektronick\u00e9 (nebo elektrick\u00e9) komponenty tohoto typu uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed jmenovitou kapacitu, kterou ur\u010dil v\u00fdrobce.<\/p>\n

Keramick\u00fd kondenz\u00e1tor se nav\u00edc vyzna\u010duje n\u00edzk\u00fdmi ztr\u00e1tami<\/strong>, tzn. \u017ee jednou ulo\u017een\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed elekt\u0159iny vydr\u017e\u00ed del\u0161\u00ed dobu. Jsou ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, kde se pravideln\u011b nebo p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b vyskytuj\u00ed v\u00fdkyvy nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Co je\u0161t\u011b stoj\u00ed za to v\u011bd\u011bt o keramick\u00fdch kondenz\u00e1torech?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Keramick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory jsou k dispozici v pouzdrech pro pr\u016fchoz\u00ed mont\u00e1\u017e (THT)<\/strong> a povrchovou mont\u00e1\u017e (SMT)<\/strong>. Je t\u0159eba tak\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee nemaj\u00ed vyzna\u010denou polaritu<\/strong>. V z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch aplikac\u00edch mohou b\u00fdt keramick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory zapojeny s\u00e9riov\u011b i paraleln\u011b<\/strong>. Jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aplikac\u00ed elektronick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek tohoto typu je filtrace nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong>. Cel\u00fd proces zvan\u00fd vyhlazov\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong> je umo\u017en\u011bn akumula\u010dn\u00edmi vlastnostmi keramick\u00e9ho kondenz\u00e1toru.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Keramick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory jsou d\u00edky sv\u00fdm vlastnostem ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy syst\u00e9m\u016f pracuj\u00edc\u00edch na vysok\u00fdch frekvenc\u00edch<\/strong>. Dobr\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem jsou televizory a r\u00e1dia. Rozli\u0161uj\u00ed se elektrolytick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory 1 t\u0159\u00eddy <\/strong> pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v obvodech, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed nejen minim\u00e1ln\u00ed dielektrick\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm stabiln\u00ed pracovn\u00ed frekvenci. Naproti tomu keramick\u00fd kondenz\u00e1tor 2 t\u0159\u00eddy<\/strong> m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kapacitu ne\u017e kondenz\u00e1tor s dielektrikem 1 t\u0159\u00eddy stejn\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Jak vybrat spr\u00e1vn\u00fd kondenz\u00e1tor?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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P\u0159i v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b vadn\u00e9ho keramick\u00e9ho kondenz\u00e1toru je t\u0159eba mimo jin\u00e9 zkontrolovat kapacitu a jmenovit\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong> vym\u011b\u0148ovan\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 tolerance<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla b\u00fdt minim\u00e1ln\u011b stejn\u00e1 nebo lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u vadn\u00e9ho modelu. Dal\u0161\u00edmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi faktory p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho modelu keramick\u00e9ho kondenz\u00e1toru jsou fyzick\u00e9 rozm\u011bry<\/strong> a velikost a um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed p\u00e1jec\u00edch pol\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Keramick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory (zejm\u00e9na velmi mal\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky) obvykle nemaj\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed, podle kter\u00e9ho by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010dit jejich elektrick\u00e9 parametry. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt skladov\u00e1ny v ozna\u010den\u00fdch obalech. Nedostatek zna\u010den\u00ed je zp\u016fsoben malou fyzickou velikost\u00ed t\u011bchto prvk\u016f.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ostatn\u00ed typy kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Dal\u0161\u00edm typem kondenz\u00e1toru jsou elektrolytick\u00e9 modely<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v aplikac\u00edch, kde je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dostupn\u00e9 (ulo\u017een\u00e9 energie). Vybran\u00e9 modely elektrolytick\u00fdch kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed velmi vysokou kapacitou<\/strong> (naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed se superkondenz\u00e1tory). Bohu\u017eel parametr t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159esnosti jejich kapacity je na pom\u011brn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 \u00farovni<\/strong> (odchylky mohou b\u00fdt nap\u0159\u00edklad +\/- des\u00edtky procent). Krom\u011b toho jsou n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k teplotn\u00edm v\u00fdkyv\u016fm<\/strong>. Dal\u0161\u00ed nev\u00fdhodou kondenz\u00e1tor\u016f je jejich tendence postupn\u011b ztr\u00e1cet parametry<\/strong> elektrick\u00e9<\/strong> za jednotku \u010dasu.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed skupinou jsou f\u00f3liov\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory<\/strong>. Jejich nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhodou je vysok\u00e1 p\u0159esnost kapacity. Krom\u011b toho lze elektronick\u00e9 (nebo elektrick\u00e9) komponenty tohoto typu bezpe\u010dn\u011b nap\u00e1jet r\u016fzn\u00fdmi \u00farovn\u011bmi nap\u011bt\u00ed (v\u010detn\u011b vysok\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Keramick\u00e9 kondenz\u00e1tory pat\u0159\u00ed do skupiny pasivn\u00edch elektronick\u00fdch (nebo elektrick\u00fdch) sou\u010d\u00e1stek schopn\u00fdch uchov\u00e1vat elektrickou energii.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":71347,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[548,549],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-71547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika-cs","category-kompendium-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKeramick\u00fd kondenz\u00e1tor - co to je a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Keramick\u00fd kondenz\u00e1tor - kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 informace, specifikace, pou\u017eit\u00ed a konstrukce. 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