{"id":72532,"date":"2023-09-20T14:00:58","date_gmt":"2023-09-20T12:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/multiplekser-co-to-jest-i-do-czego-sluzy\/"},"modified":"2026-04-08T11:05:57","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T09:05:57","slug":"multiplexor-co-to-je-a-k-cemu-se-pouziva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/multiplexor-co-to-je-a-k-cemu-se-pouziva\/","title":{"rendered":"Multiplexor – co to je a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1?"},"content":{"rendered":"\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> 3<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t
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Multiplexor hraje ve sv\u011bt\u011b technologi\u00ed nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eitou roli a umo\u017e\u0148uje efektivn\u00ed komunikaci. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se dozv\u00edte, jak funguje, jak\u00e9 funkce pln\u00ed a jak je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Multiplexor - co se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 za t\u00edmto slovem?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Multiplexor<\/strong><\/a> je elektronick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo softwarov\u00e1 komponenta, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 v\u00edce vstupn\u00edch sign\u00e1l\u016f a umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich p\u0159enos na jeden v\u00fdstupn\u00ed kan\u00e1l. V praxi je to jako v\u00edcesm\u011brn\u00e1 k\u0159i\u017eovatka, kter\u00e1 odkl\u00e1n\u00ed dopravu do jednoho pruhu.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1zev “multiplexer” poch\u00e1z\u00ed z anglick\u00e9ho slova “multiplex”, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 v\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u00fd<\/strong>. Existuje mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f multiplexor\u016f, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le technologi\u00ed, od telekomunika\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f a\u017e po integrovan\u00e9 obvody.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Kl\u00ed\u010dovou vlastnost\u00ed multiplexeru je jeho schopnost spravovat data z v\u00edce zdroj\u016f a umo\u017enit bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00fd p\u0159enos. Multiplexov\u00e1n\u00ed je technika, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje efektivn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed zdroj\u016f, jako je \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka p\u0159enosov\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma, jejich rozd\u011blen\u00edm na men\u0161\u00ed, zvl\u00e1dnuteln\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti.<\/p>\n

Multiplexor je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo software, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje paraleln\u00ed p\u0159enos v\u00edce sign\u00e1l\u016f nebo informac\u00ed na jednom kan\u00e1lu. Tato schopnost “kombinovat” sign\u00e1ly z r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f je neoceniteln\u00e1 v mnoha oblastech, v\u010detn\u011b telekomunikac\u00ed, po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed a elektroniky.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Analogov\u00fd multiplexor CD4051 - 5ks.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Multiplexer je ve skute\u010dnosti multi - seznamte se s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi typy multiplexer\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Multiplexery jsou tak v\u0161estrann\u00e9, jak napov\u00edd\u00e1 jejich n\u00e1zev. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se v r\u016fzn\u00fdch technologi\u00edch a konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed typy jsou ur\u010deny pro specifick\u00e9 pot\u0159eby. Prozkoumejme n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch typ\u016f multiplexor\u016f.<\/p>\n

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  1. Statistick\u00fd multiplexer (StatMux)<\/span> – tento typ multiplexeru dynamicky p\u0159id\u011bluje \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku p\u00e1sma vstupn\u00edm sign\u00e1l\u016fm na z\u00e1klad\u011b jejich po\u017eadavk\u016f. StatMux se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v p\u0159enosov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech k optimalizaci vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky p\u00e1sma.<\/li>\n
  2. \u010casov\u011b d\u011blen\u00fd multiplexor (TDM)<\/span> – V TDM multiplexor p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed vstupn\u00ed sign\u00e1ly jeden po druh\u00e9m v kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch \u00fasec\u00edch. TDM se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v telekomunikac\u00edch, kde je t\u0159eba p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et v\u00edce sign\u00e1l\u016f na jednom kan\u00e1lu.<\/li>\n
  3. Multiplexor s frekven\u010dn\u00edm d\u011blen\u00edm (FDM)<\/span> – tento typ multiplexoru rozd\u011bluje \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku p\u00e1sma na v\u00edce kan\u00e1l\u016f s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi frekvencemi, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et v\u00edce sign\u00e1l\u016f sou\u010dasn\u011b. FDM je popul\u00e1rn\u00ed v r\u00e1diov\u00e9 komunikaci.<\/li>\n
  4. Multiplexor vlnov\u00fdch d\u00e9lek (WDM)<\/span> – pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se hlavn\u011b v optick\u00fdch komunika\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech a umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et v\u00edce sign\u00e1l\u016f na r\u016fzn\u00fdch vlnov\u00fdch d\u00e9lk\u00e1ch sv\u011btla, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zvy\u0161uje p\u0159enosov\u00e1 kapacita.<\/li>\n
  5. Multiplexor s k\u00f3dov\u00fdm d\u011blen\u00edm (CDM)<\/span> – tento typ multiplexoru p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed sign\u00e1ly v jednom kan\u00e1lu, ale ka\u017ed\u00fd sign\u00e1l m\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00fd k\u00f3d, kter\u00fd ho identifikuje. CDM se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v mobiln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Znalost r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f multiplexor\u016f usnad\u0148uje pochopen\u00ed toho, pro\u010d jsou pro tuto technologii tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Tato inteligentn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a algoritmy optim\u00e1ln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dostupn\u00e9 zdroje a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed komplexn\u00ed, ale vysoce efektivn\u00ed komunikaci.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Multiplexer - mno\u017estv\u00ed praktick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Pod\u00edvejme se nyn\u00ed, jak lze multiplexor vyu\u017e\u00edt v praxi. Pou\u017eit\u00ed multiplexor\u016f je stejn\u011b rozmanit\u00e9 jako technologie, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed poh\u00e1n\u011bt. Zde je n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f, kter\u00e9 ilustruj\u00ed jejich v\u0161estrannost:<\/p>\n

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    • Telekomunikace<\/strong> – multiplexory jsou z\u00e1kladem telekomunikac\u00ed a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et v\u00edce telefonn\u00edch sign\u00e1l\u016f nebo internetov\u00fdch dat po jedin\u00e9m kabelu nebo optick\u00e9m kabelu. Umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/li>\n
    • Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed televize<\/strong> – v syst\u00e9mech satelitn\u00ed a kabelov\u00e9 televize se multiplexory pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ke spojen\u00ed v\u00edce televizn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f do jednoho digit\u00e1ln\u00edho sign\u00e1lu.<\/li>\n
    • Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b<\/strong> – multiplexory jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed efektivn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 infrastruktury t\u00edm, \u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159enos dat od v\u00edce u\u017eivatel\u016f na jednom komunika\u010dn\u00edm kan\u00e1lu.<\/li>\n
    • Integrovan\u00e9 obvody<\/strong> – na mikroskopick\u00e9 \u00farovni se multiplexory pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v integrovan\u00fdch obvodech k v\u00fdb\u011bru jedn\u00e9 z mnoha datov\u00fdch linek pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. To umo\u017e\u0148uje konstruovat \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a kompaktn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9my.<\/li>\n
    • Syst\u00e9my GPS<\/strong>– multiplexery se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 v naviga\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech GPS, kde umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fd p\u0159enos dat z v\u00edce satelit\u016f do p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de GPS.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Jak vid\u00edte, multiplexery jsou v na\u0161em ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9, i kdy\u017e \u010dasto funguj\u00ed bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed. Bez nich by mnoho aspekt\u016f modern\u00edch technologi\u00ed, od telefonov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159es sledov\u00e1n\u00ed televize a\u017e po pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed internetu, bylo mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b efektivn\u00edch.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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      Technologie bez multiplexoru - je to mo\u017en\u00e9?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Mohla by technologie existovat bez multiplexor\u016f?<\/strong> Teoreticky ano, ale prakticky by to bylo v rozporu s na\u0161\u00ed sou\u010dasnou z\u00e1vislost\u00ed na rychl\u00e9m a efektivn\u00edm p\u0159enosu dat. Bez multiplexor\u016f by ka\u017ed\u00fd sign\u00e1l pot\u0159eboval vlastn\u00ed kan\u00e1l, co\u017e by bylo nejen neefektivn\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 a obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b t\u0159\u00edditeln\u00e9. Multiplexory umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159enos obrovsk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed dat sou\u010dasn\u011b, a proto jsou z\u00e1kladem modern\u00edho sv\u011bta p\u0159enosu informac\u00ed, jak ho zn\u00e1me.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Multiplexer hraje ve sv\u011bt\u011b technologi\u00ed nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eitou roli a umo\u017e\u0148uje efektivn\u00ed komunikaci. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se dozv\u00edte, jak funguje, jak\u00e9 funkce pln\u00ed a jak je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":70679,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[548,549],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-72532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika-cs","category-kompendium-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMultiplexor - co to je a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Multiplexor - mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za efektivn\u00ed p\u0159enos dat. 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