{"id":72845,"date":"2023-10-24T14:00:40","date_gmt":"2023-10-24T12:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/elektronika-w-terenie-skuteczne-metody-zabezpieczen-przed-czynnikami-zewnetrznymi\/"},"modified":"2026-04-08T11:03:51","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T09:03:51","slug":"elektronika-v-terenu-efektivni-metody-ochrany-pred-externimi-faktory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/elektronika-v-terenu-efektivni-metody-ochrany-pred-externimi-faktory\/","title":{"rendered":"Elektronika v ter\u00e9nu – efektivn\u00ed metody ochrany p\u0159ed extern\u00edmi faktory"},"content":{"rendered":"\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> 6<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t
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Modern\u00ed elektronika<\/strong> je ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed na\u0161ich \u017eivot\u016f<\/strong> a je p\u0159\u00edtomna t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech aspektech ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u010dinnosti. Elektronick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky, kter\u00e9 se obvykle skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed uvnit\u0159 kryt\u016f, jsou ned\u00edln\u00fdmi spole\u010dn\u00edky na\u0161eho dne – od smart home za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u017e po pokro\u010dil\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. Pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdkonnosti<\/strong> a spolehlivosti<\/strong> za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je v\u0161ak nutn\u00e9 pochopit a \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b chr\u00e1nit<\/strong> elektronick\u00e9 komponenty p\u0159ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi<\/strong> vlivy, jako je vlhkost, prach, vibrace nebo elektromagnetick\u00e9 ru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je vystaveno specifick\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed<\/strong>, od mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1s prov\u00e1zej\u00ed de\u0161tiv\u00fdmi ve\u010dery, a\u017e po syst\u00e9my \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed letu v letadlech, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed pracovat v extr\u00e9mn\u00edch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Destruktivn\u00edch<\/strong> faktor\u016f pro elektroniku je cel\u00e1 \u0159ada a ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich je samostatnou v\u00fdzvou pro<\/strong> konstrukt\u00e9ry za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a stroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1s prov\u00e1zej\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd den.<\/p>\n

V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se pono\u0159\u00edme do sv\u011bta zabezpe\u010den\u00ed<\/strong> elektroniky. Zjist\u00edme, jak konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i a design\u00e9\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed spolehlivou<\/strong> funkci za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bez ohledu na pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed podm\u00ednky, prost\u0159ed\u00ed nebo n\u00e1ro\u010dnost aplikace. Sezn\u00e1m\u00edme se s modern\u00edmi technologiemi<\/strong> a postupy<\/strong>, jak toho dos\u00e1hnout, a dozv\u00edme se, pro\u010d je zabezpe\u010den\u00ed elektroniky v dne\u0161n\u00edm digit\u00e1ln\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vadn\u00e1 meteorologick\u00e1 stanice neboli voda a vlhkost.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Efekt wilgoci w postaci herbaty, na p\u0142ycie g\u0142\u00f3wnej laptopa.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Voda,<\/strong> a tedy i vlhkost,<\/strong> pat\u0159\u00ed k nejni\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm faktor\u016fm, kter\u00e9 mohou v\u00fdrazn\u011b po\u0161kodit elektroniku. Jejich vliv na elektronick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je velmi nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd<\/strong>, proto\u017ee vede k v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm, jako jsou zkraty<\/strong> a koroze<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Voda je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b destruktivn\u00ed d\u00edky sv\u00fdm vodiv\u00fdm vlastnostem. Pokud se dostane dovnit\u0159 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit zkraty<\/strong> mezi sou\u010d\u00e1stkami, cestami nebo vodi\u010di, co\u017e vede k z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm poruch\u00e1m<\/strong> nebo \u00fapln\u00e9mu z\u00e1niku za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Vlhkost nav\u00edc m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit korozi<\/strong> kovov\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek na desk\u00e1ch plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f a konektor\u016f, co\u017e vede k dlouhodob\u00e9 degradaci a ztr\u00e1t\u011b spojen\u00ed mezi nimi. To je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na pro za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 v mo\u0159sk\u00e9m<\/strong> nebo pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde je p\u0159\u00edtomnost vlhkosti<\/strong> st\u00e1l\u00e1. Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee vlhkost po\u0161kodit za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jako jsou dom\u00e1c\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 stanice nebo sol\u00e1rn\u00ed sv\u011btla, kter\u00e1 osv\u011btluj\u00ed zahradu.<\/p>\n

Ochrana elektroniky p\u0159ed \u00fa\u010dinky vody a vlhkosti vy\u017eaduje pokro\u010dil\u00e9 technologie, jako jsou t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>, hydrofobn\u00ed povlaky<\/strong> a hermetick\u00e9<\/strong> kryty. Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee riziko po\u0161kozen\u00ed vlhkost\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eit tak\u00e9 zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edho v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> a regulace teploty. Stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku, \u017ee v dne\u0161n\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b, kde je elektronika st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji p\u0159\u00edtomna v na\u0161em okol\u00ed, se \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 ochrana proti vod\u011b a vlhkosti st\u00e1v\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spolehlivosti<\/strong> elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Teplota, nejen p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm faktorem, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovlivnit spolehlivost a v\u00fdkon elektroniky, je teplota<\/strong>. Elektronick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky jsou \u010dasto velmi citliv\u00e9<\/strong> na extr\u00e9mn\u00ed teploty, a to jak na extr\u00e9mn\u00ed chlazen\u00ed<\/strong>, tak na intenzivn\u00ed teplo<\/strong>. Jej\u00ed destruktivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek se projevuje jak nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdmi \u0161pi\u010dkami, tak zm\u011bnami odporu materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n

Extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9<\/strong> teploty se vyskytuj\u00ed v kosmick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu. Sou\u010d\u00e1sti, spoje a n\u00e1sledn\u011b cel\u00e9 jednotky jsou vystaveny jeho destruktivn\u00edmu charakteru, jeho\u017e d\u016fsledkem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nap\u0159\u00edklad k\u0159ehnut\u00ed<\/strong> materi\u00e1l\u016f sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed . Na druhou stranu vysok\u00e9<\/strong> teploty, kter\u00e9 se mohou vyskytovat v po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech nebo pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, urychluj\u00ed degradaci polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek, co\u017e zkracuje jejich \u017eivotnost a sni\u017euje jejich v\u00fdkon. Pokud se chcete dozv\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edce o vlivu vysok\u00e9 teploty na polovodi\u010de, doporu\u010duji pod\u00edvat se na jeden z m\u00fdch zdroj\u016f o ho\u0159\u00edc\u00edm tranzistoru<\/a>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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W tym przypadku temperatura tranzystora znacznie przekroczy\u0142a dopuszczaln\u0105 warto\u015b\u0107.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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K ochran\u011b elektroniky p\u0159ed \u00fa\u010dinky teploty<\/strong> se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 techniky, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme ozna\u010dit jako tepeln\u00fd<\/strong> management<\/strong>, typick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edklady jsou aktivn\u00ed a pasivn\u00ed chlazen\u00ed<\/strong> a tepeln\u011b izola\u010dn\u00ed<\/strong> materi\u00e1ly. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed specifick\u00fdch elektronick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek se zv\u00fd\u0161enou teplotn\u00ed odolnost\u00ed. Pochopen\u00ed vlivu teploty na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed aplikaci je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed<\/strong> pro n\u00e1vrh spolehliv\u00fdch elektronick\u00fdch obvod\u016f, zejm\u00e9na v oblastech, kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed teploty.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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N\u011bco vyst\u0159elilo neboli elektrostatick\u00fd v\u00fdboj<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Uk\u0142ady scalone umieszczone na specjalnej piance, kt\u00f3rej zadaniem jest chroni\u0107 chipy przed dzia\u0142aniem ESD.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Elektrostatick\u00fd<\/strong> v\u00fdboj<\/strong>, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako ESD<\/strong> (ElectroStatic Discharge), je v\u00fdznamnou hrozbou pro spolehlivost a \u017eivotnost elektroniky<\/strong><\/a>. K t\u011bmto n\u00e1hl\u00fdm tok\u016fm elektrick\u00e9ho<\/strong> n\u00e1boje<\/strong> m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt v d\u016fsledku nerovnov\u00e1hy potenci\u00e1lu mezi dv\u011bma body, k \u010demu\u017e \u010dasto doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i mont\u00e1\u017ei, skladov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo manipulaci s elektronick\u00fdmi sou\u010d\u00e1stkami. Ni\u010div\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky ESD na elektroniku se projevuj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na v mikrom\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, kde i mal\u00e9 v\u00fdboje mohou zp\u016fsobit po\u0161kozen\u00ed integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f<\/strong><\/a>, tranzistor\u016f<\/strong><\/a> a dal\u0161\u00edch sou\u010d\u00e1stek.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Dopad ESD<\/strong> se neomezuje pouze na fyzick\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stek, ale m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st i k nen\u00e1padn\u00fdm<\/strong> poruch\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 nejsou na prvn\u00ed pohled patrn\u00e9. Takov\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit ru\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong> provozu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo v\u00e9st k jeho postupn\u00e9 degradaci<\/strong>. V d\u016fsledku toho je ESD jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch zdroj\u016f poruch elektronick\u00fdch obvod\u016f a m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovlivnit n\u00e1klady na \u00fadr\u017ebu a spolehlivost elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na ochranu elektroniky p\u0159ed \u00fa\u010dinky ESD se p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong>, nap\u0159\u00edklad spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 uzemn\u011bn\u00ed, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch ochran ESD nebo dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch postup\u016f p\u0159i manipulaci a mont\u00e1\u017ei elektronick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm aspektem p\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed odoln\u00fdch a spolehliv\u00fdch elektronick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f je tak\u00e9 navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> obvod\u016f s ohledem na ochranu proti elektrostatick\u00e9mu v\u00fdboji. Z\u00e1kladem ochrany elektroniky p\u0159ed t\u00edmto destruktivn\u00edm faktorem je pochopen\u00ed a uv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed si vlivu ESD.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Bezprecedentn\u00ed probl\u00e9m v \u010dist\u00fdch prostor\u00e1ch - prach a ne\u010distoty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chyba jedynym miejscem, w kt\u00f3rym nie trzeba przejmowa\u0107 si\u0119 kurzem s\u0105 pomieszczenia typu cleanroom (https:\/\/airinnovations.com\/blog\/semiconductor-clean-room-requirements\/).<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Prach<\/strong> a \u0161p\u00edna<\/strong> jsou faktory, p\u0159ed kter\u00fdmi nen\u00ed \u00faniku, a co je nejhor\u0161\u00ed, mohou v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivnit spolehlivost a \u017eivotnost elektroniky. Tyto mikroskopick\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 se usazuj\u00ed na povrchu a ve \u0161t\u011brbin\u00e1ch elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, vedou k r\u016fzn\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm, od p\u0159eh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stek a\u017e po poruchy za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Vrstva prachu<\/strong> na elektronick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stk\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fsobit jako tepeln\u00fd<\/strong> izolant<\/strong>, co\u017e vede k jejich p\u0159eh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 omezuje dostate\u010dn\u00e9 proud\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu uvnit\u0159 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Elektronick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 pracuj\u00ed v pra\u0161n\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, jako jsou sklady nebo pap\u00edrensk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, se tak mohou snadno po\u0161kodit<\/strong>. Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee usazen\u00fd prach zp\u016fsobit ru\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong> citliv\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, jako jsou vodi\u010de, kontakty.<\/p>\n

K ochran\u011b<\/strong> elektroniky p\u0159ed prachem a ne\u010distotami se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, jako jsou speci\u00e1ln\u00ed kryty, vzduchov\u00e9 filtry, vzduchot\u011bsn\u00e1 t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed a tak\u00e9 pravideln\u00e1 \u00fadr\u017eba a \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i minimalizaci dopadu t\u011bchto ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch faktor\u016f na elektroniku hraje tak\u00e9 vhodn\u00e9 v\u011btr\u00e1n\u00ed a kontrola<\/strong> pracovn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Neviditeln\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed nebo n\u00e1razy a vibrace<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Wn\u0119trze rezonatora kwarcowego uszkodzone w wyniku drga\u0144 linii produkcyjnej.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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R\u00e1zy<\/strong> a vibrace<\/strong> p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m pro spolehlivost a odolnost elektroniky, zejm\u00e9na v situac\u00edch, kdy je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vystaveno pravideln\u00fdm a intenzivn\u00edm vibrac\u00edm<\/strong>. Destruktivn\u00ed vliv t\u011bchto faktor\u016f je patrn\u00fd zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f, pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f, mechanick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed a spoj\u016f.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1razy a vibrace mohou zp\u016fsobit uvoln\u011bn\u00ed nebo p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed spoj\u016f<\/strong> mezi elektronick\u00fdmi sou\u010d\u00e1stkami, co\u017e vede k p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong> obvod\u016f a z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm poruch\u00e1m. Mechanick\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti, jako jsou pevn\u00e9 disky, jsou nav\u00edc obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 k po\u0161kozen\u00ed vibracemi<\/strong>, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b dat a trval\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

K eliminaci<\/strong> nebo alespo\u0148 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/strong> \u00fa\u010dink\u016f n\u00e1raz\u016f a vibrac\u00ed na elektroniku se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 techniky,<\/strong> nap\u0159\u00edklad tlumen\u00ed, pru\u017einov\u00e9 upevn\u011bn\u00ed a speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pouzdra a dr\u017e\u00e1ky, kter\u00e9 pohlcuj\u00ed energii vibrac\u00ed. B\u011b\u017enou prax\u00ed je tak\u00e9 navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s ohledem na odolnost proti n\u00e1raz\u016fm, kdy se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed zes\u00edlen\u00e9 spoje a mechanick\u00e1 ochrana.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Tajn\u00fd nep\u0159\u00edtel - elektromagnetick\u00e9 ru\u0161en\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Elektromagnetick\u00e9<\/strong>ru\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong>, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 pod pojmem EMI<\/strong> (ElectroMagnetic Interference), je v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm rizikov\u00fdm faktorem pro elektroniku. Toto ru\u0161en\u00ed zahrnuje \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu elektromagnetick\u00fdch<\/strong> sign\u00e1l\u016f<\/strong>, jako jsou r\u00e1diov\u00e9 vlny, r\u00e1diov\u00e9 ru\u0161en\u00ed, elektromagnetick\u00e1 pole nebo tzv. elektromagnetick\u00fd \u0161um. Jejich vliv na elektroniku m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt destruktivn\u00ed, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k nestabilit\u011b provozu, zkreslen\u00ed p\u0159enosu sign\u00e1lu nebo v extr\u00e9mn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech dokonce k po\u0161kozen\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stek.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Antena telekomunikacyjna.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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U za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 pracuj\u00ed v t\u011bsn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti zdroj\u016f EMI<\/strong> (elektromagnetick\u00e9ho ru\u0161en\u00ed), jako jsou elektromotory nebo telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee elektromagnetick\u00e9 ru\u0161en\u00ed zp\u016fsobit chyby<\/strong> v p\u0159enosu dat a sn\u00ed\u017eit v\u00fdkon elektroniky. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee intenzivn\u00ed<\/strong> elektromagnetick\u00e9 ru\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong> v\u00e9st k po\u0161kozen\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, jako jsou nap\u0159. tranzistory<\/strong><\/a> nebo mikroprocesory, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 na opravu a v\u00e9st k odst\u00e1vk\u00e1m za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

K ochran\u011b elektroniky p\u0159ed elektromagnetick\u00fdm<\/strong> ru\u0161en\u00edm<\/strong> se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong>, nap\u0159\u00edklad st\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed, filtry EMI a vhodn\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stek na desk\u00e1ch plo\u0161n\u00fdch spoj\u016f.<\/strong><\/a> Ochrana proti EMI se \u010dasto zohled\u0148uje ji\u017e ve f\u00e1zi projektov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> pomoc\u00ed kovov\u00e9ho elektromagnetick\u00e9ho st\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed a vhodn\u00fdch kryt\u016f. Pochopen\u00ed vlivu elektromagnetick\u00e9ho ru\u0161en\u00ed a vhodn\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed jsou kl\u00ed\u010dem k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spolehlivosti a konzistence v\u00fdkonu elektroniky, zejm\u00e9na v dne\u0161n\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je nasyceno r\u016fzn\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi a zdroji EMI.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Elektronika v OP1 nebo chemick\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Elektronika w przemy\u015ble chemicznym musi by\u0107 zabezpieczana w odpowiedni spos\u00f3b (https:\/\/www.agro-chemistry.com\/news\/chemical-industry-is-switching-to-renewable-carbon\/).<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chemick\u00e9<\/strong> prost\u0159edky<\/strong> jsou pom\u011brn\u011b obecn\u00fdm pojmem, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 hrozbou pro spolehlivost a \u017eivotnost elektroniky. Chemik\u00e1lie<\/strong> mohou nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b ovlivnit jej\u00ed v\u00fdkon a \u017eivotnost, zejm\u00e9na u za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 pracuj\u00ed v prost\u0159ed\u00ed a prostor\u00e1ch, kde jsou p\u0159\u00edtomny agresivn\u00ed<\/strong> chemik\u00e1lie.<\/p>\n

Kyseliny<\/strong>, z\u00e1sady<\/strong> a sole<\/strong> mohou v\u00e9st ke korozi<\/strong> kovov\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek na desk\u00e1ch s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji a dal\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech elektronick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f. Kter\u00e9 mohou zp\u016fsobit po\u0161kozen\u00ed spoj\u016f, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k selh\u00e1n\u00ed cel\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edmi l\u00e1tkami jsou tak\u00e9 organick\u00e1<\/strong> rozpou\u0161t\u011bdla,<\/strong> jako je aceton nebo toluen, kter\u00e1 mohou rozpou\u0161t\u011bt a po\u0161kozovat plastov\u00e9 kryty a izol\u00e1tory v elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch. Krom\u011b toho existuje cel\u00e1 \u0159ada agresivn\u00edch<\/strong> specifick\u00fdch<\/strong> l\u00e1tek obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch siln\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie, jako je chlor, kter\u00e9 mohou po\u0161kodit sou\u010d\u00e1sti a v\u00e9st ke korozi.<\/p>\n

Ochrana elektroniky p\u0159ed chemick\u00fdmi<\/strong> l\u00e1tkami<\/strong> je velmi \u0161irok\u00e9 t\u00e9ma. M\u016f\u017eeme se setkat s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi<\/strong> zp\u016fsoby ochrany, jako jsou hermetick\u00e1 pouzdra, t\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed a speci\u00e1ln\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 n\u00e1t\u011bry. V\u00fdb\u011br vhodn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou odoln\u00e9<\/strong> v\u016f\u010di agresivn\u00edm chemik\u00e1li\u00edm, je rovn\u011b\u017e z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro konstrukci spolehliv\u00fdch elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Pro za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pracuj\u00edc\u00ed v chemick\u00e9m, laboratorn\u00edm nebo zdravotnick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu je chemick\u00e1 ochrana nepostradatelnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed spolehlivosti a \u017eivotnosti.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Jak um\u00edraj\u00ed satelity - kosmick\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Satelita Spacex.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kosmick\u00e9<\/strong> z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong> je jednou z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b nejni\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hrozeb pro elektroniku. Toto z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f nabit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic<\/strong>, jako jsou protony, elektrony a atomov\u00e1 j\u00e1dra, kter\u00e9 se pohybuj\u00ed s vysokou energi\u00ed<\/strong> a pronikaj\u00ed do kosmick\u00e9ho prostoru. Vliv kosmick\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed na elektroniku se projevuje zejm\u00e9na u za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pracuj\u00edc\u00edch na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze Zem\u011b a mimo ni, jako jsou dru\u017eice a kosmick\u00e9 sondy.<\/p>\n

Kosmick\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neinvazivn\u011b<\/strong> po\u0161kodit<\/strong> k\u0159em\u00edkov\u00e9 j\u00e1dro integrovan\u00e9ho obvodu a zp\u016fsobit chyby v pam\u011bti nebo nestabiln\u00ed provoz za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Cel\u00fd proces je zalo\u017een na jevu ionizace<\/strong>, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit n\u00e1boj elektron\u016f v \u010dipu nebo naru\u0161it tok elektrick\u00e9ho proudu. Z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska m\u016f\u017ee kosmick\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed v\u00e9st k degradaci<\/strong> materi\u00e1l\u016f, zejm\u00e9na polovodi\u010d\u016f, co\u017e sni\u017euje spolehlivost a \u017eivotnost za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy strategi\u00ed<\/strong> a technologi\u00ed<\/strong> na ochranu elektroniky p\u0159ed kosmick\u00fdm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm. Jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je pou\u017eit\u00ed tzv. radia\u010dn\u011b<\/strong> odoln\u00fdch integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f (RRIC), kter\u00e9 jsou speci\u00e1ln\u011b navr\u017eeny tak, aby odolaly bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed nabit\u00fdmi energetick\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1sticemi. Krom\u011b toho lze nal\u00e9zt olov\u011bn\u00e9<\/strong> st\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed nebo jin\u00e9 st\u00ednic\u00ed<\/strong> materi\u00e1ly, jejich\u017e \u00fa\u010delem je co nejv\u00edce minimalizovat \u00fa\u010dinky kosmick\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed na elektroniku. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 technologie autonomn\u00ed detekce a korekce radia\u010dn\u00edho po\u0161kozen\u00ed v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Nezapome\u0148te - elektronika nen\u00ed nesmrteln\u00e1 <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ochrana<\/strong> elektroniky<\/strong> p\u0159ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi podm\u00ednkami je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm aspektem procesu n\u00e1vrhu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Bez ohledu<\/strong> na to, zda stav\u00edte meteorologickou stanici, kter\u00e1 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt odoln\u00e1 proti vlhkosti<\/strong>, pracujete v tov\u00e1rn\u011b s vibracemi<\/strong> na v\u00fdrobn\u00edch link\u00e1ch nebo navrhujete elektroniku odolnou proti vesm\u00edrn\u00e9mu<\/strong> z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong> ve spole\u010dnosti SpaceX, mus\u00edte m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee podm\u00ednky, ve kter\u00fdch va\u0161e za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pracuje, jsou nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Zdroje:<\/p>\n

https:\/\/resources.altium.com\/pl\/p\/circuit-design-tips-pcb-moisture-protection-humid-environments<\/p>\n

https:\/\/ep.com.pl\/rynek\/prezentacje\/14337-jak-zabezpieczyc-moduly-elektroniczne-aby-dzialaly-bezawaryjnie<\/p>\n

www.rafalbartoszak.pl\/jak-pali-sie-tranzystor-w-ukladzie-wspolnego-emitera\/<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.analog.com\/en\/thought-leadership\/challenges-for-electronic-circuits-in-space-applications.html<\/p>\n

www.airinnovations.com\/blog\/semiconductor-clean-room-requirements\/<\/p>\n

www.agro-chemistry.com\/news\/chemical-industry-is-switching-to-renewable-carbon\/<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ka\u017ed\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je vystaveno specifick\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed – od mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f a\u017e po syst\u00e9my \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed letu v letadlech, kter\u00e1 mus\u00ed pracovat v extr\u00e9mn\u00edch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Destruktivn\u00edch faktor\u016f pro elektroniku je cel\u00e1 \u0159ada a ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich je samostatnou v\u00fdzvou pro konstrukt\u00e9ry za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a stroj\u016f, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1s denn\u011b prov\u00e1zej\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":72335,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[548,560,557],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-72845","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika-cs","category-poradenstvi","category-zajimavosti"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nElektronika v ter\u00e9nu - efektivn\u00ed metody ochrany p\u0159ed extern\u00edmi faktory - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ka\u017ed\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je vystaveno specifick\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed - od mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f a\u017e po syst\u00e9my \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed letu v letadlech, kter\u00e1 mus\u00ed pracovat v extr\u00e9mn\u00edch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. 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