{"id":75676,"date":"2024-01-05T14:00:45","date_gmt":"2024-01-05T13:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/kolo-pasowe-co-to-jest-i-do-czego-sluzy\/"},"modified":"2026-04-08T11:02:02","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T09:02:02","slug":"remenice-co-to-je-a-k-cemu-se-pouziva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/remenice-co-to-je-a-k-cemu-se-pouziva\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0158emenice – co to je a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1?"},"content":{"rendered":"\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> 3<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t
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Mechanika – stejn\u011b jako elektronika – je zalo\u017eena na souboru ur\u010dit\u00fdch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch stavebn\u00edch prvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 je nezbytn\u00e9 zn\u00e1t. Dnes kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 lekce o \u0159emenic\u00edch.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ve stroj\u00edrenstv\u00ed se m\u016f\u017eeme setkat s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi formami p\u0159enosu v\u00fdkonu mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi sou\u010d\u00e1stmi mechanismu – nap\u0159. z motoru na hnac\u00ed kola<\/strong>. Mezi nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159evodovky<\/strong>, jejich\u017e z\u00e1kladem jsou ozuben\u00e1 kola<\/a> a \u0159emenice<\/a><\/strong>. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se budeme v\u011bnovat posledn\u011b jmenovan\u00e9mu – probereme typy \u0159emenic, nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed v praxi a tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady pou\u017eit\u00ed \u0159emenov\u00fdch p\u0159evod\u016f v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech techniky.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Za\u010dn\u011bme definic\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Podle obecn\u00e9 definice je \u0159emenice<\/strong> strojn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st ve tvaru kotou\u010de, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k p\u0159enosu mechanick\u00e9 energie ve spolupr\u00e1ci s hnac\u00edm \u0159emenem. Jej\u00edm hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem je p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et rota\u010dn\u00ed pohyb mezi h\u0159\u00eddeli stroj\u016f<\/strong>, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje m\u011bnit ot\u00e1\u010dky a to\u010div\u00fd moment. Tolik teorie – v praxi se \u0159emenice velmi \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch typech vozidel, pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch stroj\u016f, dom\u00e1c\u00edch spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016f a spot\u0159ebn\u00ed elektroniky a tak \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la aplikac\u00ed vy\u017eaduje velkou rozmanitost konstrukc\u00ed \u0159emenic. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 zn\u00e1t z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typy t\u011bchto sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se vyskytuj\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch mechanismech. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Typy \u0159emenic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Zdaleka nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed konstrukc\u00ed jsou ploch\u00e9 \u0159emenice<\/strong><\/a>. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se k p\u0159enosu v\u00fdkonu pomoc\u00ed \u0159emen\u016f s hladk\u00fdm vnit\u0159n\u00edm (pracovn\u00edm) povrchem, tak\u017ee poskytuj\u00ed “m\u011bkk\u00fd”, tich\u00fd chod, ale mohou m\u00edt omezenou schopnost p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et vysok\u00fd v\u00fdkon. V tomto ohledu jsou lep\u0161\u00ed ozuben\u00e9<\/a> \u0159emenice<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e maj\u00ed na sv\u00e9m povrchu speci\u00e1ln\u011b tvarovan\u00e9 v\u00fdstupky, kter\u00e9 spolupracuj\u00ed s dr\u00e1\u017ekami v ozuben\u00e9m \u0159emenu.<\/p>\n

Tento typ \u0159emenov\u00e9ho p\u0159evodu umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon ne\u017e ploch\u00e1 kola (se srovnateln\u00fdm pr\u016fm\u011brem), ale p\u0159i provozu p\u0159i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch rychlostech vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hluk. P\u0159esn\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 \u0159emenice se ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako synchronn\u00ed \u0159emenice, aby se zd\u016fraznila jejich neklouzavost a mal\u00e1 v\u016fle – proto je lze naj\u00edt v p\u0159esn\u00e9 mechanice, v\u010detn\u011b 3D tisk\u00e1ren<\/strong><\/a> a skener\u016f dokument\u016f.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Ozuben\u00e9 kolo 20T - GT2 - 5mm - dvojit\u00e9.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kl\u00ednovit\u00e9 \u0159emenice<\/strong> – jak n\u00e1zev napov\u00edd\u00e1 – maj\u00ed obvodovou dr\u00e1\u017eku ve tvaru kl\u00ednu (p\u0159esn\u011bji lichob\u011b\u017en\u00edku), co\u017e jim umo\u017e\u0148uje pracovat s vhodn\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00fdmi kl\u00ednov\u00fdmi \u0159emeny. Jedn\u00e1 se tedy o vylep\u0161enou verzi ploch\u00fdch kol, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon p\u0159i srovnateln\u00fdch rozm\u011brech.<\/p>\n

Posledn\u00edm typem \u0159emenic, se kter\u00fdm byste se m\u011bli sezn\u00e1mit, jsou stup\u0148ovit\u00e9 \u0159emenice<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed m\u011bnit p\u0159evodov\u00fd pom\u011br po kroc\u00edch. Lze si je p\u0159edstavit jako pevn\u00e9 spojen\u00ed (na spole\u010dn\u00e9 h\u0159\u00eddeli) n\u011bkolika kol s postupn\u011b se zv\u011bt\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm pr\u016fm\u011brem. Tyto komponenty se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v n\u011bkter\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, kde je nutn\u00e1 mechanick\u00e1 regulace ot\u00e1\u010dek.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Z\u00e1sady fungov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159emenic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u0158emenov\u00fd p\u0159evod s ploch\u00fdm nebo kl\u00ednov\u00fdm \u0159emenem<\/strong> funguje na principu t\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong> mezi vnit\u0159n\u00edm povrchem \u0159emene a \u0159emenicemi. Kdy\u017e je jedna \u0159emenice poh\u00e1n\u011bna, p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed rota\u010dn\u00ed pohyb na \u0159emen a ten – pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed se line\u00e1rn\u00ed rychlost\u00ed odvozenou z frekvence ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed a polom\u011bru hnac\u00ed \u0159emenice – p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed tento pohyb na druhou \u0159emenici. Proto\u017ee line\u00e1rn\u00ed rychlost \u0159emene je v ka\u017ed\u00e9m bod\u011b \u0159emene stejn\u00e1, m\u016f\u017eeme – za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee v syst\u00e9mu nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k prokluzu – p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee se body spolupracuj\u00edc\u00edch \u0159emenic le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed v m\u00edstech styku s \u0159emenem budou pohybovat stejnou rychlost\u00ed. Pr\u016fm\u011br hnan\u00fdch kol proto ur\u010duje jejich v\u00fdslednou rychlost ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed – frekvence ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed se tak m\u016f\u017ee podle pot\u0159eby zvy\u0161ovat nebo sni\u017eovat.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pou\u017eit\u00ed \u0159emenic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Jak jsme ji\u017e zm\u00ednili, \u0159emenov\u00e9 p\u0159evody na\u0161ly uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v nes\u010detn\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch techniky. Jedn\u00edm z nich je automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl<\/strong> – v automobilech, motocyklech, kombajnech, traktorech a dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch stroj\u00edch se \u0159emenice s p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi kl\u00ednov\u00fdmi \u0159emeny pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k p\u0159enosu v\u00fdkonu z motoru na dal\u0161\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1sti, jako jsou nap\u0159. altern\u00e1tory, \u010derpadla nebo kompresory klimatizace.<\/strong> V obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu se \u0159emeny vyskytuj\u00ed v soustruz\u00edch, fr\u00e9zk\u00e1ch a vrta\u010dk\u00e1ch<\/strong> – zde se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako krokov\u00e9 \u0159emenice, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed p\u0159evodov\u00e9ho pom\u011bru \u0159emene pro zm\u011bnu ot\u00e1\u010dek – bez nutnosti jejich elektronick\u00e9ho nastaven\u00ed pomoc\u00ed motoru. Tak\u00e9 dom\u00e1c\u00ed spot\u0159ebi\u010de<\/strong> intenzivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed kl\u00ednov\u00fdch \u0159emen\u016f<\/strong> – dobr\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem jsou nap\u0159. spot\u0159ebi\u010de jako automatick\u00e9 pra\u010dky a su\u0161i\u010dky<\/strong>, u nich\u017e \u0159emenov\u00fd p\u0159evod p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pohon z h\u0159\u00eddele motoru na buben spot\u0159ebi\u010de.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Dal\u0161\u00ed oblast\u00ed, kde se \u0159emenicov\u00e9 p\u0159evody hojn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, je spot\u0159ebn\u00ed elektronika.<\/strong> Historicky – je\u0161t\u011b v \u00e9\u0159e v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch kazet a videokazet<\/strong> (VHS) – se k p\u0159enosu pohonu na v\u00e1le\u010dky, kter\u00e9 jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za pohyb p\u00e1sky po hlav\u011b, pou\u017e\u00edvaly \u0159emeny. Nelze tak\u00e9 nezm\u00ednit gramofony<\/strong>(Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f toto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165uje ti\u0161\u0161\u00ed a “kulturn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed” ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed desky ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s gramofony s p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm pohonem). <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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V d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch radiop\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d\u00edch<\/span> naopak fungovaly mal\u00e9 \u0159emenice ve spojen\u00ed se syst\u00e9mem, kter\u00fd pohyboval ukazatelem frekven\u010dn\u00ed stupnice v p\u0159esn\u00e9 synchronizaci s ot\u00e1\u010den\u00edm prom\u011bnn\u00e9ho kondenz\u00e1toru, kter\u00fd ladil rezonan\u010dn\u00ed obvod p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de.<\/p>\n

\u0158emenov\u00e9 pohony se krom\u011b uveden\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed i v mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch aplikac\u00edch, nap\u0159. v: ventil\u00e1torech a dmychadlech, vodn\u00edch, olejov\u00fdch nebo palivov\u00fdch \u010derpadlech, pohonn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech pro osobn\u00ed a n\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdtahy, je\u0159\u00e1bech a dopravn\u00edch p\u00e1sech, fitness za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch<\/strong> (b\u011b\u017eeck\u00e9 p\u00e1sy, stacion\u00e1rn\u00ed kola atd.), jako\u017e i v gener\u00e1torech elektrick\u00e9 energie<\/strong> a mnoha a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00edte, jak\u00e9 jsou typy p\u0159evodov\u00fdch \u0159emenic a v kolika aplikac\u00edch je lze pou\u017e\u00edt? P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si n\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159ehled nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch informac\u00ed o \u0159emenov\u00fdch p\u0159evodech.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":74434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[136,179],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciekawostki","category-kompendium"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u0158emenice - co to je a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V\u00edte, jak\u00e9 jsou typy p\u0159evodov\u00fdch \u0159emenic a v kolika aplikac\u00edch je lze pou\u017e\u00edt? 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