{"id":75701,"date":"2024-01-07T14:00:16","date_gmt":"2024-01-07T13:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/kolo-zebate-co-to-jest-i-do-czego-sluzy\/"},"modified":"2026-04-08T11:02:01","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T09:02:01","slug":"ozubene-kolo-co-je-to-a-k-cemu-se-pouziva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/ozubene-kolo-co-je-to-a-k-cemu-se-pouziva\/","title":{"rendered":"Ozuben\u00e9 kolo – Co je to a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1?"},"content":{"rendered":"\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> 3<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t
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Jist\u011b jste ji\u017e nejednou vid\u011bli a dokonce i pou\u017eili r\u016fzn\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 kola, ale zn\u00e1te v\u0161echny jejich typy? N\u00e1\u0161 kr\u00e1tk\u00fd pr\u016fvodce v\u00e1m toto t\u00e9ma l\u00e9pe p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed!<\/em><\/p>\n

Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00ed, co je typick\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 kolo<\/strong><\/a> – je strojn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st, jej\u00ed\u017e z\u00e1klad tvo\u0159\u00ed zplo\u0161t\u011bl\u00fd v\u00e1lec s \u0159adou rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch zub\u016f po obvodu. Prvky tohoto typu jsou ur\u010deny pro spolupr\u00e1ci s dal\u0161\u00edmi ozuben\u00fdmi koly, p\u0159evody nebo \u0159et\u011bzy a jejich funkc\u00ed je p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et ot\u00e1\u010div\u00fd pohyb<\/strong> a p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt rychlost a to\u010div\u00fd moment podle pot\u0159eb mechanismu<\/strong>. Pokud se v\u0161ak do problematiky ozuben\u00fdch kol pono\u0159\u00edme hloub\u011bji, zjist\u00edme, \u017ee tato problematika nen\u00ed tak trivi\u00e1ln\u00ed, jak by se mohlo na prvn\u00ed pohled zd\u00e1t – rozmanitost \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v praxi je skute\u010dn\u011b zna\u010dn\u00e1, a to vzhledem k r\u016fzn\u00fdm po\u017eadavk\u016fm na jednotliv\u00e1 kola. Dnes si probereme nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed typy ozuben\u00fdch kol a uvedeme si p\u0159ehled jejich nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch aplikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typy ozuben\u00fdch kol a jejich vlastnosti<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ozuben\u00e1 kola<\/strong><\/a> lze klasifikovat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na z\u00e1klad\u011b tvaru zub\u016f a jejich polohy vzhledem k ose ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed<\/strong>, a tedy i zp\u016fsobu p\u0159enosu pohybu. Mezi nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed druhy pat\u0159\u00ed rovn\u00e1 kola<\/strong>, jejich\u017e zuby jsou rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 s osou. Tyto sou\u010d\u00e1sti se nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v jednoduch\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolech.<\/p>\n

Ku\u017eelov\u00e1 kola<\/strong> maj\u00ed naopak zuby sklon\u011bn\u00e9 pod ur\u010dit\u00fdm \u00fahlem k ose kola – tato \u00faprava umo\u017e\u0148uje hlad\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1b\u011br, co\u017e se projevuje ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hlu\u010dnost\u00ed a men\u0161\u00edmi vibracemi p\u0159i provozu.<\/p>\n

V\u00e1lcov\u00e1 kola<\/strong> se zak\u0159iven\u00fdmi zuby jsou tak\u00e9 jakousi variantou ku\u017eelov\u00fdch kol, ale s dokonalej\u0161\u00edm tvarem zub\u016f – nab\u00edzej\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost a trvanlivost, i kdy\u017e jejich v\u00fdroba je pon\u011bkud slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a vy\u017eaduje velmi vysokou p\u0159esnost, aby byl profil zub\u016f dob\u0159e definovan\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Kola s ozubem ve tvaru st\u0159echy<\/strong> maj\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00fd vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vzhled – p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed dva “slepence” \u0161ikm\u00fdch kol, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e sm\u011br sklonu ozubu je opa\u010dn\u00fd ve obou \u010d\u00e1stech komponentu, co\u017e pr\u00e1v\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed vzor “st\u0159echy” zmi\u0148ovan\u00fd v n\u00e1zvu.r.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Z\u00e1kladem v\u0161ech v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch typ\u016f ozuben\u00fdch kol je v\u00e1lec<\/strong> se zuby<\/strong> na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm povrchu. <\/p>\n

Druhou a velmi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou skupinou komponent\u016f jsou ku\u017eelov\u00e1 kola<\/strong>, jejich\u017e z\u00e1kladem je, jak ji\u017e n\u00e1zev napov\u00edd\u00e1, \u010d\u00e1st ku\u017eele se zuby na bo\u010dn\u00ed plo\u0161e. Ku\u017eelov\u00e1 kola se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u0161ude tam, kde se prot\u00ednaj\u00ed osy h\u0159\u00eddel\u016f soukol\u00ed (nap\u0159. v prav\u00e9m \u00fahlu), tj. – jin\u00fdmi slovy – p\u0159enos v\u00fdkonu mus\u00ed prob\u00edhat p\u0159i zm\u011bn\u011b sm\u011bru osy ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed (ale – co\u017e je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 – ob\u011b osy jsou ve stejn\u00e9 rovin\u011b).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ozuben\u00e9 kolo 12T - otvor 6 mm.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ostatn\u00ed typy za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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V\u0161echna v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00e1 proveden\u00ed ozuben\u00fdch kol jsou tzv. vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ozuben\u00e1 kola<\/strong>, tj. kola, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed zuby um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bo\u010dn\u00ed plo\u0161e. Konstrukci je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00e9 obr\u00e1tit – vzniknou tak ozuben\u00e1 kola s vnit\u0159n\u00edm ozuben\u00edm<\/strong>, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdm (jak asi tu\u0161\u00edte) na vnit\u0159n\u00ed stran\u011b krou\u017eku, kter\u00fd tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu sou\u010d\u00e1sti. Tyto typy komponent se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad v planetov\u00fdch p\u0159evodovk\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost a vysok\u00e9 p\u0159evodov\u00e9 pom\u011bry p\u0159i zachov\u00e1n\u00ed kompaktn\u00edch rozm\u011br\u016f (sta\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee spole\u010dnost Botland<\/strong><\/a> nab\u00edz\u00ed motory sub-mikro<\/strong><\/a> integrovan\u00e9 do p\u0159evodovek s vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pr\u016fm\u011brem pouh\u00fdch 6 milimetr\u016f!). <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Sada ozuben\u00fdch kol a \u0159emen\u016f - 75 prvk\u016f.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed tak\u00e9 \u0161nekov\u00e1 kola<\/strong> – ta pracuj\u00ed ve spojen\u00ed se \u0161nekov\u00fdm h\u0159\u00eddelem<\/strong> (zn\u00e1m\u00fdm tak\u00e9 jako \u0161nek), kter\u00fd funguje jako pohon. Ozuben\u00e1 kola tohoto typu maj\u00ed n\u011bkolik d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed: za prv\u00e9, osy \u0161neku a ozuben\u00e9ho kola le\u017e\u00ed ve vz\u00e1jemn\u011b kolm\u00fdch rovin\u00e1ch, co\u017e nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 u \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch dvou ozuben\u00fdch kol. Druhou d\u016fle\u017eitou v\u00fdhodou \u0161nekov\u00fdch p\u0159evodovek je v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ot\u00e1\u010dek a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed to\u010div\u00e9ho momentu. <\/p>\n

A kone\u010dn\u011b, \u0161nekov\u00e9 p\u0159evody jsou samosvorn\u00e9<\/strong>, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zat\u00edmco \u0161nek m\u016f\u017ee poh\u00e1n\u011bt kolo, p\u0159evod nefunguje opa\u010dn\u011b: p\u016fsoben\u00ed to\u010div\u00e9ho momentu na p\u0159evodovku nezp\u016fsob\u00ed ot\u00e1\u010den\u00ed \u0161nekov\u00e9ho h\u0159\u00eddele. Tato vlastnost je velmi cenn\u00e1 u mnoha mechanism\u016f, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed p\u0159epravovat t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 b\u0159emena a pou\u017eit\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed brzdy by p\u0159edstavovalo technologick\u00fd probl\u00e9m (nap\u0159. z bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Aplikace ozuben\u00fdch kol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pro zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee ozuben\u00e1 kola<\/strong> se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u0161ude tam, kde jsou mechanismy poh\u00e1n\u011bny rota\u010dn\u00edm pohybem<\/strong>. V automobilech<\/strong> se p\u0159evody vyskytuj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad v p\u0159evodovk\u00e1ch nebo v mechanismech pro zved\u00e1n\u00ed oken, v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 automatizaci<\/strong> se intenzivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159evodov\u00e9 motory – \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 elektromotory (\u010dasto bezkart\u00e1\u010dov\u00e9) vybaven\u00e9 reduk\u010dn\u00edmi p\u0159evody. V\u0161echna model\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 serva<\/strong><\/a> maj\u00ed mal\u00e9 v\u00edcestup\u0148ov\u00e9 p\u0159evodovky z plastu (serva t\u0159\u00eddy mikro a levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed a standardn\u00ed serva) nebo kovu (serva vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy s v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotnost\u00ed a to\u010div\u00fdm momentem). Mnoho ozuben\u00fdch kole\u010dek se nach\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 v audio\/video za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch<\/strong> (kazetov\u00e9 p\u0159ehr\u00e1va\u010de, p\u0159ehr\u00e1va\u010de VHS kazet a p\u0159ehr\u00e1va\u010de CD\/DVD\/BluRay), dom\u00e1c\u00edch spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u00edch<\/strong> (mix\u00e9ry,m\u00edcha\u010dky, kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9 roboty atd.), po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch<\/strong> (optick\u00e9 mechaniky) a v nes\u010detn\u00fdch modelech hra\u010dek<\/strong> (nap\u0159. aut\u00ed\u010dka na pru\u017einov\u00fd pohon nebo elektrick\u00e1 aut\u00ed\u010dka).<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee v\u00fdb\u011br ozuben\u00fdch kol by se m\u011bl v\u017edy \u0159\u00eddit technologick\u00fdmi hledisky: po\u017eadovan\u00fdm to\u010div\u00fdm momentem, maxim\u00e1ln\u00edmi ot\u00e1\u010dkami, velikost\u00ed hnac\u00edho h\u0159\u00eddele<\/strong> nebo p\u0159evodov\u00fdm pom\u011brem<\/strong> a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b pl\u00e1novan\u00fdm rozsahem nastaven\u00ed p\u0159evodov\u00e9ho pom\u011bru.<\/strong> I kdy\u017e m\u00e1te k dispozici rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159evodovek s kompatibiln\u00edmi mechanick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi, m\u016f\u017eete se p\u0159i pokusu o vlastn\u00ed sestaven\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9ho p\u0159evodu setkat se zna\u010dn\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00e1m budou neocenitelnou pomoc\u00ed hotov\u00e9 p\u0159evodovky a motory s p\u0159evodovkou – \u0161irokou nab\u00eddku t\u011bchto produkt\u016f najdete jako v\u017edy na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Botland.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zn\u00e1te typy ozuben\u00fdch kol, jejich \u00fa\u010del a kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti? P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si n\u00e1\u0161 nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek na blogu Botland.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":74461,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[136,179],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75701","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciekawostki","category-kompendium"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nOzuben\u00e9 kolo - Co je to a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Zn\u00e1te typy ozuben\u00fdch kol, jejich \u00fa\u010del a kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti? 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