{"id":82776,"date":"2024-06-17T14:00:21","date_gmt":"2024-06-17T12:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wyswietlacz-tft-co-to-jest-i-do-czego-sluzy\/"},"modified":"2026-04-08T10:56:02","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T08:56:02","slug":"tft-displej-co-je-to-a-k-cemu-se-pouziva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/tft-displej-co-je-to-a-k-cemu-se-pouziva\/","title":{"rendered":"TFT displej – Co je to a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1?"},"content":{"rendered":"\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> 3<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t
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TFT (Thin Film Transistor) displej je specifick\u00fd typ displeje z tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f, kter\u00fd se doned\u00e1vna b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edval v televizorech, chytr\u00fdch telefonech, tabletech a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch monitorech.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace o TFT displej\u00edch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Se zaveden\u00edm displej\u016f LED<\/span><\/a> a OLED<\/span><\/a> pod\u00edl TFT obrazovek<\/span><\/a> neust\u00e1le kles\u00e1. P\u0159esto se technologie TFT<\/span> st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. Principem tohoto typu displeje je zm\u011bna polarity sv\u011btla. K tomuto jevu doch\u00e1z\u00ed v d\u016fsledku zm\u011bny orientace mal\u00fdch molekul kapaln\u00e9ho krystalu, kter\u00e9 se pohybuj\u00ed pod vlivem elektrick\u00e9ho pole.<\/p>\n

TFT displeje<\/span><\/a> se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed ze 4 z\u00e1kladn\u00edch prvk\u016f. Prvn\u00edm z nich je polariza\u010dn\u00ed filtr, jeho\u017e hlavn\u00ed funkc\u00ed je tzv. p\u0159edpolarizace sv\u011btla. Druh\u00fdm prvkem je sklen\u011bn\u00e1 elektroda, kter\u00e1 \u0159\u00edd\u00ed orientaci \u010d\u00e1stic tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f. T\u0159et\u00edm prvkem je vrstva tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f, kter\u00e1 reaguje na elektrick\u00e9 pole zm\u011bnou polarizace sv\u011btla. Posledn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je analyz\u00e1tor sv\u011btla. \u00dakolem t\u00e9to podsestavy je p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et pouze sv\u011btlo ur\u010dit\u00e9 polarizace.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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ST7735R - TFT LCD 1,44'' 128x128px displej se \u010dte\u010dkou microSD - Adafruit 2088.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Stru\u010dn\u00e1 historie TFT displej\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Po\u010d\u00e1tky TFT displej\u016f<\/strong> sahaj\u00ed do druh\u00e9 poloviny 20. stolet\u00ed. Tehdy za\u010dali prvn\u00ed v\u011bdci experimentovat s tenkovrstv\u00fdmi tranzistory. V pom\u011brn\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 dob\u011b byly vyvinuty prvn\u00ed miniaturn\u00ed TFT displeje. P\u016fvodn\u00ed modely v\u0161ak m\u011bly jen velmi omezen\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edvaly se hlavn\u011b ve v\u011bd\u011b. Po\u010d\u00e1tek 80. let. znamenal pr\u016flom v oblasti displej\u016f z tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f. Tenk\u00fd design v kombinaci s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi energetick\u00fdmi n\u00e1roky znamenal, \u017ee se obrazovky za\u010daly masov\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat v mobiln\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch.<\/p>\n

V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech se rozvinula dotykov\u00e1 technologie, d\u00edky n\u00ed\u017e se TFT displeje staly je\u0161t\u011b popul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi. V\u00fdsledkem neust\u00e1l\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce na zdokonalov\u00e1n\u00ed technologie podsv\u00edcen\u00ed jsou displeje s lep\u0161\u00edm kontrastem a del\u0161\u00ed \u017eivotnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Jak funguj\u00ed displeje TFT?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Principem fungov\u00e1n\u00ed displej\u016f vyroben\u00fdch technologi\u00ed TFT<\/strong><\/a> je p\u0159esn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed sv\u011btla, kter\u00e9 proch\u00e1z\u00ed vrstvou tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f. \u0158\u00eddic\u00edmi prvky jsou diody, kter\u00e9 ur\u010duj\u00ed, kter\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed pixely maj\u00ed b\u00fdt tmav\u00e9 a kter\u00e9 sv\u011btl\u00e9. Takto se vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed obraz.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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V\u00fdhody TFT displej\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Displeje TFT<\/strong> poskytuj\u00ed vysokou kvalitu obrazu a detaily. Krom\u011b toho se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed schopnost\u00ed zobrazovat obr\u00e1zky s vysok\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhodou je n\u00edzk\u00e1 spot\u0159eba elektrick\u00e9 energie. Specifick\u00fdm typem TFT displej\u016f jsou modely vyroben\u00e9 technologi\u00ed LTPS-TFT. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi v\u00fdhodami model\u016f tohoto typu jsou n\u00edzk\u00e1 hmotnost, \u0161t\u00edhl\u00fd design, \u0161irok\u00e1 integrace a je\u0161t\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed energetick\u00e9 n\u00e1roky.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Nev\u00fdhody TFT displej\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Mezi hlavn\u00ed nev\u00fdhody displej\u016f vyroben\u00fdch technologi\u00ed TFT<\/strong> pat\u0159\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 reprodukce tmav\u00fdch barev a omezen\u00e9 pozorovac\u00ed \u00fahly. Displeje tohoto typu jsou n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 k p\u0159eexponov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161ed\u00e9 (zejm\u00e9na \u010dern\u00e9). P\u0159i dlouhodob\u00e9m zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed statick\u00e9ho obrazu maj\u00ed nav\u00edc obrazovky tendenci “vypalovat pixely”. P\u0159esto\u017ee se tento jev nevyskytuje p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010dasto, je t\u0159eba na n\u011bj pamatovat.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Rozd\u00edly mezi displeji TFT a OLED<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Mezi nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edly mezi displeji TFT<\/a> a OLED<\/a><\/strong> (Organic Light Emitting Diode) pat\u0159\u00ed konstrukce a provoz. Princip obrazovek OLED<\/strong> spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee organick\u00e9 polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly vyza\u0159uj\u00ed sv\u011btlo. Sv\u011btlo vznik\u00e1, kdy\u017e t\u011bmito materi\u00e1ly prot\u00e9k\u00e1 proud. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd pixel pouze vyza\u0159uje sv\u011btlo, tak\u017ee nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba podsv\u00edcen\u00ed. Proto se obraz vyza\u0159ovan\u00fd displeji OLED vyzna\u010duje hlubokou \u010dernou, vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm kontrastem a \u0161irok\u00fdmi pozorovac\u00edmi \u00fahly.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm rozd\u00edlem mezi obrazovkami TFT a OLED je v\u00fdrobn\u00ed cena. Modely OLED jsou slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a jejich v\u00fdroba, a tedy i prodej, jsou dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed. Dobr\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem jsou televizory OLED, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdrazn\u011b dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e modely s TFT displeji.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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TFT obrazovky kompatibiln\u00ed s minipo\u010d\u00edta\u010dem Rasberry Pi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Rezistivn\u00ed obrazovky TFT<\/strong><\/a> kompatibiln\u00ed s vybran\u00fdmi verzemi minipo\u010d\u00edta\u010de Raspberry Pi<\/strong><\/a> se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pro projekty DIY. V z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm modelu mohou b\u00fdt displeje vybaveny komunika\u010dn\u00edmi rozhran\u00edmi SPI a GPIO. \u0158adi\u010d XPT2046 je naopak zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm za spr\u00e1vu dotykov\u00e9 funkce. Na trhu jsou k dispozici displeje s \u00fahlop\u0159\u00ed\u010dkou nap\u0159\u00edklad 3,5″ a rozli\u0161en\u00edm 320 x 480 pixel\u016f. Lze je pou\u017e\u00edt nap\u0159\u00edklad k zobrazen\u00ed textu a menu.<\/p>\n

Za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed tak\u00e9 kapacitn\u00ed obrazovky zna\u010dky Waveshare<\/strong><\/a>kompatibiln\u00ed s Rasberry Pi<\/strong>, po\u010d\u00ednaje modelem Zero<\/strong>, p\u0159es 1A,1B, 1B+, 2B, 3B+ a\u017e po 4B<\/strong>. Vybran\u00e9 modely maj\u00ed \u00fahlop\u0159\u00ed\u010dku a\u017e 10,1″ a rozli\u0161en\u00ed 1024 px x 600 px. P\u0159i ka\u017edodenn\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed to znamen\u00e1 vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed ostrost a detailnost zobrazen\u00e9ho obrazu. Krom\u011b samotn\u00e9 obrazovky je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed balen\u00ed i speci\u00e1ln\u00ed ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed deska HDMI, kter\u00e1 zaji\u0161\u0165uje kompatibilitu s Raspberry.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Jak vybrat TFT displej?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho modelu displeje vyroben\u00e9ho technologi\u00ed TFT<\/strong> je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost technick\u00fdm parametr\u016fm. Prvn\u00edm je rozli\u0161en\u00ed<\/strong>. \u010c\u00edm je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm je obraz detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. To samoz\u0159ejm\u011b plat\u00ed pro obrazovky se stejnou \u00fahlop\u0159\u00ed\u010dkou a r\u016fzn\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm parametrem je kontrast<\/strong>, tj. rozd\u00edl mezi nejtmav\u0161\u00edm a nejsv\u011btlej\u0161\u00edm bodem displeje. \u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je kontrast obrazovky, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe. Za pozornost stoj\u00ed tak\u00e9 pozorovac\u00ed \u00fahly. Tento parametr je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za mo\u017enost pou\u017e\u00edvat obrazovku pod r\u016fzn\u00fdmi \u00fahly, ani\u017e by se sn\u00ed\u017eila kvalita a jas zobrazovan\u00e9ho obrazu. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed parametry pat\u0159\u00ed reprodukce barev a maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed jas.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TFT (Thin Film Transistor) displej je specifick\u00fd typ displeje z tekut\u00fdch krystal\u016f, kter\u00fd se doned\u00e1vna b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edval v televizorech, chytr\u00fdch telefonech, tabletech a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch monitorech.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":82378,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[548,549],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-82776","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika-cs","category-kompendium-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTFT displej - Co je to a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Co je to TFT displej? K \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? Jak\u00e1 je struktura a fungov\u00e1n\u00ed TFT displej\u016f? 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