{"id":86312,"date":"2023-09-22T06:00:24","date_gmt":"2023-09-22T04:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/termistor-co-to-jest-termistor-i-do-czego-sluzy\/"},"modified":"2026-04-08T11:05:47","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T09:05:47","slug":"termistor-co-je-to-termistor-a-k-cemu-se-pouziva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/termistor-co-je-to-termistor-a-k-cemu-se-pouziva\/","title":{"rendered":"Termistor – co je to termistor a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1?"},"content":{"rendered":"\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> 3<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t
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Termistor, tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdvan\u00fd teplotn\u00ed rezistor, je pasivn\u00ed elektronick\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1stka, jej\u00ed\u017e odpor (rezistance) se m\u011bn\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na zm\u011bn\u011b teploty.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Rezistance a teplota<\/strong> – s rostouc\u00ed teplotou roste rezistance a s klesaj\u00edc\u00ed teplotou kles\u00e1.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Co je to tepeln\u00fd rezistor?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Odpor rezistor\u016f se m\u011bn\u00ed s teplotou, ale rozsah t\u011bchto zm\u011bn je pom\u011brn\u011b mal\u00fd. V\u00fdjimku z tohoto pravidla tvo\u0159\u00ed termistor<\/strong><\/a>neboli tepeln\u00fd rezistor<\/strong>, kter\u00fd se vyzna\u010duje vysokou citlivost\u00ed a rychlou reakc\u00ed na zm\u011bnu teploty. Senzory tohoto typu jsou nejen p\u0159esn\u00e9,<\/strong> ale tak\u00e9 spolehliv\u00e9 a relativn\u011b levn\u00e9<\/strong>. Kombinace t\u011bchto vlastnost\u00ed vedla k tomu, \u017ee se tepeln\u00e9 rezistory hojn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 v elektronice<\/strong>. V obvodech se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako pasivn\u00ed prvky<\/strong>, tj. prvky, kter\u00e9 nevytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed elektrickou energii. <\/p>\n

Omezen\u00edm tepeln\u00fdch rezistor\u016f jsou velmi n\u00edzk\u00e9 a velmi vysok\u00e9 teploty<\/strong>. Ka\u017ed\u00fd termistor m\u00e1 specifick\u00fd rozsah pracovn\u00edch teplot, ve kter\u00e9m pracuje p\u0159esn\u011b, reprodukovateln\u011b a stabiln\u011b. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
NTC 110 5k\u03a9 5% termistor.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Termistor - dal\u0161\u00ed informace<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Odpor tepeln\u00e9ho rezistoru je \u00fazce z\u00e1visl\u00fd na teplot\u011b<\/strong>. Tato zm\u011bna z\u00e1vis\u00ed na materi\u00e1lu pou\u017eit\u00e9m k v\u00fdrob\u011b termistoru. Vztah mezi rezistenc\u00ed a odporem tepeln\u00e9ho rezistoru je neline\u00e1rn\u00ed<\/strong>. <\/p>\n

P\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b termistor\u016f se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 pr\u00e1\u0161ky a pojivo<\/strong>. Nezbytn\u00fd je tak\u00e9 proces tepeln\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> (nap\u0159. pomoc\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edch pec\u00ed). Krom\u011b toho jsou termistory chr\u00e1n\u011bny sklen\u011bn\u00fdm povlakem, kter\u00fd je chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vlivy, v\u010detn\u011b vody. Termorezistory se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch velikostech a tvarech. Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stky tohoto typu p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed disky, ty\u010de nebo koule. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Jak\u00e9 jsou typy termistor\u016f?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Termistor NTC 110 100k\u03a9 s 1m kabelem.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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R\u016fzn\u00e9 typy termistor\u016f se li\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsobem \u010dinnosti, a tedy i pou\u017eit\u00edm. Termistor NTC<\/strong> (Negative Temperature Coefficient) se vyzna\u010duje z\u00e1porn\u00fdm teplotn\u00edm koeficientem<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159i zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed teploty se odpor termistoru sni\u017euje a naopak. P\u0159i poklesu teploty se odpor termistoru zvy\u0161uje. Tato sou\u010d\u00e1stka se tak\u00e9 ozna\u010duje jako startovac\u00ed termistor<\/strong>. Jej\u00edm nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u00fakolem je \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b chr\u00e1nit obvod p\u0159ed dosa\u017een\u00edm p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e9 teploty. Tepeln\u00fd rezistor NTC m\u016f\u017ee fungovat jako teplotn\u00ed \u010didlo<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Termistory PTC<\/strong> (Positive Temperature Coefficient) se naopak vyzna\u010duj\u00ed kladn\u00fdm teplotn\u00edm koeficientem<\/strong>. Kdy\u017e se teplota termorezistoru zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed, zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed se i jeho rezistence<\/strong>. Kdy\u017e teplota kles\u00e1, kles\u00e1 i odpor. Mezi aplikace PTC tepeln\u00fdch rezistor\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed ochrana obvod\u016f p\u0159ed p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00edm omezen\u00edm proudu<\/strong>. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, kdy\u017e se zv\u011bt\u0161uje prot\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed proud, zv\u011bt\u0161uje se i odpor, kter\u00fd jej omezuje. <\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm typem tepeln\u00e9ho rezistoru je CTR<\/strong> (Critical Temperature Resistor). Termistory tohoto typu se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed skokovou zm\u011bnou odporu. V praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed teploty na ur\u010ditou \u00farove\u0148 vede k okam\u017eit\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b odporu. Termistory CTR se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 z t\u011bchto materi\u00e1l\u016f CTR termistory vyroben\u00e9 mimo jin\u00e9 z polymer\u016f zvy\u0161uj\u00ed odpor skokov\u011b p\u0159i zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed teploty na ur\u010ditou \u00farove\u0148. Naproti tomu keramick\u00e9 termorezistory se slou\u010deninami barya sni\u017euj\u00ed odpor skokov\u011b. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Specifikace termistor\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Popis termistoru by m\u011bl obsahovat informace o jeho odporu, kter\u00fd se obvykle m\u011b\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i 25 \u00b0C.<\/strong> Nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 termistory se rozli\u0161uj\u00ed podle \u00farovn\u011b odporu 1K\u03a9, 2K\u03a9, 10K\u03a9, 20K\u03a9, 47K\u03a9 a 100 K\u03a9<\/strong>. Dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm parametrem je tolerance<\/strong> ud\u00e1van\u00e1 v procentech. Za pozornost stoj\u00ed tak\u00e9 d\u00e9lka p\u0159\u00edvod\u016f v podob\u011b dr\u00e1tov\u00fdch patek. Vybran\u00e9 termistory jsou vybaveny p\u0159\u00edvody o d\u00e9lce 30 mm. <\/p>\n

Za pozornost stoj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na termistory s p\u0159\u00edvodem zakon\u010den\u00fdm jako konektor BLS<\/strong>. Jedn\u00e1 se o hotov\u00e9 sady, kter\u00e9 lze okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159ipojit ke kompatibiln\u00edm konektor\u016fm. Dal\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1vrhy jsou hotov\u00e9 termistory pro trysky, kompatibiln\u00ed s vybran\u00fdmi termistory. 3D tisk\u00e1rnami<\/strong><\/a>. Komponenty tohoto typu jsou n\u00e1hradn\u00ed d\u00edly ur\u010den\u00e9 pro vybran\u00e9 modely 3D tisk\u00e1ren. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Jak mohu zkontrolovat spr\u00e1vnou funkci termistoru?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Chcete-li zkontrolovat, zda termostat spr\u00e1vn\u011b funguje, budete pot\u0159ebovat zdroj nap\u00e1jen\u00ed,<\/strong> nap\u0159. laboratorn\u00ed zdroj nap\u00e1jen\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>, voltmetr nebo univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011b\u0159idlo<\/strong><\/a> k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed. P\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm procesu kontroly spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 funkce termistoru je nutn\u00e9 zn\u00e1t maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong> tohoto prvku. Tento parametr nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt b\u011bhem testov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010den. Po p\u0159iveden\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed na termistor p\u0159ipojte a univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroj<\/strong><\/a> (mus\u00ed b\u00fdt nastaven na m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed) nebo voltmetr<\/strong>. Zapojen\u00ed m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f mus\u00ed b\u00fdt provedeno paraleln\u011b<\/strong>. Pot\u00e9 za smy\u010dku p\u0159ipojte m\u011b\u0159i\u010d proudu (posta\u010d\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed amp\u00e9rmetr). Z tohoto p\u0159\u00edstroje lze ode\u010d\u00edst nam\u011b\u0159enou hodnotu. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pou\u017eit\u00ed tepeln\u00fdch rezistor\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Termistory se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed v\u0161estrann\u00fdm vyu\u017eit\u00edm nejen ve spot\u0159ebn\u00ed elektronice, ale tak\u00e9 v profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch syst\u00e9mech pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v pr\u016fmyslu. Termistory se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako NTC nebo PTC senzory <\/strong>pro p\u0159esn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed teploty a kysl\u00edku. <\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v digit\u00e1ln\u00edch teplom\u011brech,<\/strong> v r\u016fzn\u00fdch typech dom\u00e1c\u00edch spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016f<\/strong> (v\u010detn\u011b chladni\u010dek a trub). Dal\u0161\u00edmi aplikacemi jsou baterie a m\u011b\u0159i\u010de<\/strong> pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 k m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 vodivosti r\u016fzn\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Termistory se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu<\/strong>, nap\u0159. mimo jin\u00e9 pro kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed teploty chladic\u00ed kapaliny a motorov\u00e9ho oleje. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Termistor, tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdvan\u00fd teplotn\u00ed rezistor, je pasivn\u00ed elektronick\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1stka, jej\u00ed\u017e odpor (rezistance) se m\u011bn\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na zm\u011bn\u011b teploty.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":70836,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[548,549],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-86312","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika-cs","category-kompendium-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTermistor - co je to termistor a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Termistor (tepeln\u00fd rezistor) - zp\u016fsob \u010dinnosti, konstrukce a z\u00e1kladn\u00ed specifikace. 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