{"id":86523,"date":"2022-04-29T08:00:44","date_gmt":"2022-04-29T06:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/polaczenie-rownolegle-i-szeregowe-akumulatorow\/"},"modified":"2024-08-22T12:41:30","modified_gmt":"2024-08-22T10:41:30","slug":"paralelni-a-seriove-zapojeni-akumulatoru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/paralelni-a-seriove-zapojeni-akumulatoru\/","title":{"rendered":"Paraleln\u00ed a s\u00e9riov\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed akumul\u00e1tor\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> 3<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t
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Bez elekt\u0159iny by nebylo elektroniky<\/b>. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jak ho zn\u00e1me, pot\u0159ebuje ke sv\u00e9 funkci energii. Mnoho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 elekt\u0159inu a nap\u011bt\u00ed ze s\u00edt\u011b 230 V a jedinou starost\u00ed u\u017eivatele z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u00e9lka kabelu do z\u00e1suvky nebo po\u010det voln\u00fdch z\u00e1suvek v nap\u00e1jec\u00ed li\u0161t\u011b<\/a>. Ale co mobiln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jejich\u017e “sv\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed” nap\u00e1jec\u00edm kabelem by znemo\u017enilo jejich funk\u010dnost, jako jsou mobiln\u00ed roboti? Nech\u0165 tento jednoduch\u00fd pr\u016fvodce rozpt\u00fdl\u00ed va\u0161e pochybnosti! <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Nap\u011bt\u00ed je z\u00e1kladem<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Nejz\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi a nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi zdroji energie jsou oby\u010dejn\u00e9 alkalick\u00e9 baterie AA a jejich men\u0161\u00ed prot\u011bj\u0161ek AAA. Ty se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00edm 1,5 V, ale pokud jde o jak\u00fdkoli projekt, je tato hodnota nap\u011bt\u00ed m\u00e1lo u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 – nap\u00e1j\u00ed pouze nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 obvody, jako je jedna LED dioda,<\/a> i kdy\u017e ani ta nen\u00ed zcela samoz\u0159ejm\u00e1, proto\u017ee se nerozsv\u00edt\u00ed ani na pln\u00fd v\u00fdkon. Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed m\u00e1 nap\u011bt\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 jsou velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9<\/b>. Co to znamen\u00e1? <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Elektronick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed obvykle vy\u017eaduj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b definovan\u00e9 nap\u00e1jec\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed. Abychom toho u samo\u010dinn\u011b nap\u00e1jen\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f dos\u00e1hli, m\u016f\u017eeme vyu\u017e\u00edt vlastnost\u00ed syst\u00e9mu nap\u00e1jec\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f, tj. bateri\u00ed<\/a> nebo akumul\u00e1tor\u016f,<\/a> vhodn\u00fdm propojen\u00edm jejich p\u00f3l\u016f. A ty jsou dv\u011b – paraleln\u00ed a s\u00e9riov\u00e9. Typ zapojen\u00ed vede k r\u016fzn\u00fdm efekt\u016fm <\/b>– podle pot\u0159eby a \u00fa\u010delu dan\u00e9ho obvodu m\u016f\u017eeme zv\u00fd\u0161it hodnotu nap\u011bt\u00ed, nebo zv\u00fd\u0161it celkovou kapacitu – tedy mno\u017estv\u00ed n\u00e1boje, kter\u00fdm baterie dod\u00e1v\u00e1 do dan\u00e9ho obvodu proud o ur\u010dit\u00e9m proudu po ur\u010ditou dobu – vyj\u00e1d\u0159eno v amp\u00e9rhodin\u00e1ch [Ah], nap\u0159. aby energie vydr\u017eela d\u00e9le. <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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S\u00e9riov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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S\u00e9riov\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed bateri\u00ed nebo akumul\u00e1tor\u016f zahrnuje spojen\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f s protilehl\u00fdmi v\u00fdvody, tj. kladn\u00fd se z\u00e1porn\u00fdm. Vytvo\u0159en\u00edm \u0159et\u011bzce \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem doch\u00e1z\u00ed k se\u010dten\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed <\/b>jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f. Odtud poch\u00e1z\u00ed n\u00e1zev tohoto typu zapojen\u00ed, nebo\u0165 \u010dl\u00e1nky jsou takto uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny za sebou, tj. v s\u00e9rii. V praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zapojen\u00edm nap\u0159\u00edklad dvou bateri\u00ed AA s nap\u011bt\u00edm 1,5 V dos\u00e1hneme nap\u011bt\u00ed 3 V, se t\u0159emi \u010dl\u00e1nky 4,5 V a tak d\u00e1le, jak budeme do obvodu p\u0159id\u00e1vat dal\u0161\u00ed zdroje energie. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee abychom mohli pou\u017e\u00edt takto p\u0159ipraven\u00fd \u201esiln\u00fd\u201c zdroj nap\u011bt\u00ed, zapoj\u00edme do obvodu s\u00e9riov\u011b lev\u00fd p\u00f3l prvn\u00edho \u010dl\u00e1nku a druh\u00fd p\u00f3l posledn\u00edho \u010dl\u00e1nku. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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S\u00e9riov\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed zdroj\u016f nap\u00e1jen\u00ed<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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A co kapacita? V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nic. S\u00e9riov\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed ovliv\u0148uje pouze hodnotu nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/b> a kapacita ka\u017ed\u00e9 baterie zapojen\u00e9 do s\u00e9rie z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 stejn\u00e1, bez ohledu na to, kolik segment\u016f je zapojeno dohromady. Pokud v\u0161ak m\u00e1te v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed baterie – s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnotou nap\u011bt\u00ed – a nechcete ji\u017e zvy\u0161ovat hodnotu nap\u011bt\u00ed, ale chcete, aby za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed fungovalo d\u00e9le, m\u011bli byste zm\u011bnit taktiku a pou\u017e\u00edt paraleln\u00ed zapojen\u00ed. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Paraleln\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Paraleln\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00ed nap\u00e1jec\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v propojen\u00ed bateri\u00ed nebo akumul\u00e1tor\u016f se stejn\u00fdmi v\u00fdvody, tj. kladn\u00fd s kladn\u00fdm a z\u00e1porn\u00fd se z\u00e1porn\u00fdm. Toto spojen\u00ed vede k sou\u010dtu kapacit jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f<\/b>. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b si to lze p\u0159edstavit tak, jako kdyby byly akumul\u00e1tory um\u00edst\u011bny \u201evedle sebe\u201c a p\u0159ipojeny stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem ke svork\u00e1m spole\u010dn\u00e9ho obvodu a se stejnou zm\u011bnou polarity. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Paraleln\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00ed zdroj\u016f nap\u00e1jen\u00ed<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 paralelnost tohoto typu p\u0159ipojen\u00ed. T\u00edmto zapojen\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f z\u00edsk\u00e1me jeden “velk\u00fd” zdroj energie (se zv\u00fd\u0161enou kapacitou), kter\u00fd posta\u010duje k nap\u00e1jen\u00ed obvodu po del\u0161\u00ed dobu. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se v\u0161ak hodnota nap\u011bt\u00ed nem\u011bn\u00ed – paraleln\u00edm zapojen\u00edm 1,5V bateri\u00ed m\u00e1me na svork\u00e1ch st\u00e1le 1,5 V, ale takto p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky prost\u011b vydr\u017e\u00ed d\u00e9le<\/b>. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Dv\u011b cesty, r\u016fzn\u00e9 aplikace<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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U\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9, \u017ee? D\u00edky t\u011bmto znalostem m\u016f\u017eeme \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b sestavit v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 s\u00e9riov\u00e9 zdroje nap\u011bt\u00ed pro<\/b> nap\u00e1jen\u00ed d\u00e1lkov\u011b ovl\u00e1dan\u00fdch elektromobil\u016f, robot\u016f nebo jednodu\u0161e vybrat \u010dl\u00e1nky pro regulaci ot\u00e1\u010dek jednoduch\u00fdch v\u011btrn\u00fdch ml\u00fdn\u016f nebo miniaturn\u00edch motor\u016f<\/a> \u010di sv\u011bteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, jako jsou LED diody,<\/a> jejich zapojen\u00edm do dostate\u010dn\u011b dlouh\u00e9 s\u00e9rie. <\/p>\n

Na druhou stranu, pokud najdete zdroj energie se spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm a chcete udr\u017eet za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v provozu co nejd\u00e9le, nap\u0159\u00edklad miniaturn\u00ed alarm zalo\u017een\u00fd na jednoduch\u00e9m fotorezistoru<\/a> nebo pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed mal\u00fd vys\u00edla\u010d \u010di mobiln\u00ed teplotn\u00ed \u010didlo – klidn\u011b p\u0159idejte v\u00edce \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f paraleln\u011b<\/b>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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V elektronice se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00e1-li n\u011bco dob\u0159e fungovat, mus\u00ed to dob\u0159e vypadat<\/b> – dob\u0159e navr\u017een\u00fd obvod, p\u0159ehledn\u011b veden\u00e9 vodi\u010de a rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1stky mimo jin\u00e9 usnad\u0148uj\u00ed servis a diagnostiku. Nepo\u0159\u00e1dek a nedbalost nev\u011bst\u00ed nic dobr\u00e9ho, t\u00edm sp\u00ed\u0161e, pokud jde o nap\u00e1jen\u00ed – dbejme na to, aby p\u0159ipojen\u00ed bylo trvanliv\u00e9, bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a praktick\u00e9<\/b>. To plat\u00ed zejm\u00e9na pro baterie, kter\u00e9 bude t\u0159eba za n\u011bjak\u00fd \u010das vym\u011bnit. Spole\u010dnost Botland nab\u00edz\u00ed i takov\u00e9 jednoduch\u00e9 polo\u017eky, jako jsou ko\u0161e na baterie<\/a>. Pokud se nechcete sami nam\u00e1hat s p\u00e1jen\u00edm spoj\u016f, vyplat\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edt hotov\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, zapojen\u00e1 podle pot\u0159eby s\u00e9riov\u011b nebo paraleln\u011b. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stejn\u011b jako nen\u00ed plavby bez v\u011btru, elektronick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a elektrick\u00e9 obvody nebudou fungovat bez spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho zdroje energie. Jak ale zkombinovat \u010dl\u00e1nky, abyste dos\u00e1hli spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu pro sv\u016fj projekt? <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":63202,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[549],"tags":[550,594],"class_list":["post-86523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kompendium-cs","tag-elektronika-cs","tag-porady-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nParaleln\u00ed a s\u00e9riov\u00e9 zapojen\u00ed akumul\u00e1tor\u016f - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Jak se zapojuj\u00ed akumul\u00e1tory s\u00e9riov\u011b a paraleln\u011b? 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