{"id":88707,"date":"2020-05-19T08:54:16","date_gmt":"2020-05-19T06:54:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/anoda-i-katoda-jak-to-dziala\/"},"modified":"2024-09-10T14:22:41","modified_gmt":"2024-09-10T12:22:41","slug":"anoda-a-katoda-jak-to-funguje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/anoda-a-katoda-jak-to-funguje\/","title":{"rendered":"Anoda a katoda &#8211; jak to funguje?"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 8<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"88707\" class=\"elementor elementor-88707 elementor-2836\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4d5e2ee0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4d5e2ee0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-46636760\" data-id=\"46636760\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b3c62e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b3c62e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Anoda a katoda<\/strong> jsou pojmy, kter\u00e9 se obvykle objevuj\u00ed p\u0159i popisu bateri\u00ed, akumul\u00e1tor\u016f, \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f a polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek. Ne\u017e se dostaneme k vlastn\u00edmu popisu anody a katody, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, co je to <strong>elektroda &#8211; ve fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b-chemick\u00e9m smyslu je to l\u00e1tka, kter\u00e1 napom\u00e1h\u00e1 veden\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho proudu v nekovov\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch<\/strong>, jako jsou <strong>elektrochemick\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky <\/strong>&#8211; to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sni\u017euje odpor mezi slab\u011b vodiv\u00fdmi sou\u010d\u00e1stmi elektrick\u00e9ho obvodu \u010dl\u00e1nku. Elektroda se obvykle skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou hlavn\u00edch prvk\u016f, kter\u00fdmi jsou <strong>anoda<\/strong> a <strong>katoda<\/strong>, jimi\u017e lze popsat sm\u011br toku elektrick\u00e9ho proudu. Tento p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek seznamuje s principem anody a katody a p\u0159edstavuje je z praktick\u00e9ho hlediska.    <\/p>\n<h3>Anoda a katoda &#8211; etymologie<\/h3>\n<p>Nejprve se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na p\u016fvod pojm\u016f <em>anoda<\/em> a <em>katoda<\/em> a jejich v\u00fdznam. <strong>Anoda i katoda se v obvodu ozna\u010duj\u00ed podle sm\u011bru prot\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00edho proudu<\/strong>. Pojem anoda je odvozen z \u0159e\u010dtiny (<strong><i>anodos<\/i> &#8211; jdouc\u00ed nahoru<\/strong>) a podobn\u011b &#8220;katoda&#8221; (<strong><i>k\u00e1thodos<\/i> &#8211; jdouc\u00ed dol\u016f<\/strong>). Pro\u010d jsme zv\u00fdraznili definici z \u0159e\u010dtiny? Proto\u017ee nejl\u00e9pe a nejjednodu\u0161eji vyjad\u0159uje v\u00fdznam t\u011bchto pojm\u016f &#8211; anoda je elektroda, do kter\u00e9 proud te\u010de, zat\u00edmco katoda je elektroda, ze kter\u00e9 proud te\u010de ven.   <\/p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8348ac1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8348ac1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Katoda &#8211; z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vlastnosti<\/h3>\n<p>V chemick\u00fdch reakc\u00edch je katoda ta elektroda, ve kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed&nbsp;<strong>jev redukce<\/strong>. Vyskytuje se tak\u00e9 v elektrochemick\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch a b\u00fdv\u00e1 s nimi spojov\u00e1n. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b  &nbsp;<strong>katoda m\u00e1 z\u00e1pornou polaritu<\/strong> &nbsp;v d\u016fsledku p\u0159\u00edtomnosti z\u00e1porn\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed v \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch, co\u017e vede k reakci anal\u00fdzy (rozkladu) chemick\u00fdch slou\u010denin. Toto nap\u011bt\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt tak\u00e9 opa\u010dn\u00e9 znam\u00e9nko (kladn\u00e9), kdy\u017e nastane opa\u010dn\u00e1 situace, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e chemick\u00e9 reakce vedou ke vzniku elekt\u0159iny. Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt katoda ozna\u010dov\u00e1na jako hork\u00e1 katoda nebo studen\u00e1 katoda. Katoda, kter\u00e1 je zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00e1 v d\u016fsledku p\u0159\u00edtomnosti materi\u00e1lu schopn\u00e9ho emitovat elektrony, je hork\u00e1 katoda, zat\u00edmco katoda, v n\u00ed\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed k emisi term\u016f, je studen\u00e1 katoda.   <\/p>\n<h3>Anoda &#8211; z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vlastnosti<\/h3>\n<p>Anoda v elektrochemii je oblast, kde prob\u00edh\u00e1&nbsp;<strong>oxida\u010dn\u00ed reakce<\/strong>. Na anod\u011b obvykle reaguj\u00ed z\u00e1porn\u00e9 ionty (anionty), kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed d\u00edky sv\u00e9mu z\u00e1porn\u00e9mu elektrick\u00e9mu potenci\u00e1lu tendenci p\u0159eb\u00edrat elektrony. Tyto elektrony se pohybuj\u00ed sm\u011brem ke zdroji, kter\u00fd nut\u00ed jejich tok. V galvanick\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch je anoda vlastn\u011b p\u00f3lem z\u00e1porn\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed a elektrony se pohybuj\u00ed hlavn\u011b sm\u011brem ven z obvodu.   &nbsp;<strong>Galvanick\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek<\/strong> &nbsp; je proto jedine\u010dn\u00fdm typem syst\u00e9mu. Naproti tomu u elektrolytick\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f (nap\u0159. olov\u011bn\u00fdch akumul\u00e1tor\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou velmi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 v automobilech) m\u00e1 anoda kladn\u00fd potenci\u00e1l. Anoda m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt nav\u00edc podobu desky nebo dr\u00e1tu obsahuj\u00edc\u00edho p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00fd kladn\u00fd elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj.  <\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozd\u00edly mezi anodou a katodou<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Anoda<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Katoda<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Do t\u00e9to elektrody te\u010de proud<\/td><td>Z t\u00e9to elektrody proud vyt\u00e9k\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Anoda m\u00e1 obvykle kladn\u00fd potenci\u00e1l (tj.&nbsp;<strong>kladn\u00e1 elektroda<\/strong>)<\/td><td>Katoda m\u00e1 obvykle z\u00e1porn\u00fd potenci\u00e1l (<strong>z\u00e1porn\u00e1 elektroda<\/strong>).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Obvykle se chov\u00e1 jako nosi\u010d elektron\u016f<\/td><td>Typicky se chov\u00e1 jako akceptor elektron\u016f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>V elektrolytick\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku prob\u00edh\u00e1 m\u00edsto anody oxida\u010dn\u00ed reakce.<\/td><td>V elektrolytick\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku prob\u00edh\u00e1 oxida\u010dn\u00ed reakce na m\u00edst\u011b katody.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>V galvanick\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku katoda nahrazuje anodu v oxida\u010dn\u00ed reakci.<\/td><td>V galvanick\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 m\u00edsto anody oxida\u010dn\u00ed reakci anoda.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Tok elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje mezi katodou a anodou<\/h3>\n<p>Podle nej\u010dast\u011bji p\u0159ij\u00edman\u00e9 konvence te\u010de elektrick\u00fd proud ve stejnosm\u011brn\u00fdch obvodech od katody k anod\u011b (tok elektron\u016f v opa\u010dn\u00e9m sm\u011bru), bez ohledu na typ \u010dl\u00e1nku a zp\u016fsob jeho provozu (vyb\u00edjen\u00ed nebo nab\u00edjen\u00ed). Polarita katody a odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem i anody m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt kladn\u00e1 nebo z\u00e1porn\u00e1 v z\u00e1vislosti na zp\u016fsobu provozu \u010dl\u00e1nku. Kladn\u011b nabit\u00e9 kationty budou v\u017edy sledovat sm\u011br anody a z\u00e1porn\u011b nabit\u00e9 anionty, stejn\u011b jako elektrony, budou sledovat sm\u011br katody, i kdy\u017e polarita katody z\u00e1vis\u00ed na konstrukci \u010dl\u00e1nku a m\u016f\u017ee se m\u011bnit v z\u00e1vislosti na zp\u016fsobu provozu. V \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch, kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed k ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 energie (nap\u0159. p\u0159i nab\u00edjen\u00ed bateri\u00ed), m\u00e1 katoda z\u00e1pornou polaritu (elektrony n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed katodu, kudy elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj odt\u00e9k\u00e1), a kdy\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed k uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed energie (nap\u0159. nap\u00e1jen\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee z baterie, tj. jej\u00ed vyb\u00edjen\u00ed), m\u00e1 katoda kladnou polaritu.   &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Baterie nebo galvanick\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek se p\u0159i vyb\u00edjen\u00ed vyzna\u010duje t\u00edm, \u017ee katoda je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za kladn\u00fd p\u00f3l, proto\u017ee proud te\u010de z katody, kdy\u017e je obvod uzav\u0159en. Uvnit\u0159 \u010dl\u00e1nku je proud p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en kladn\u00fdmi ionty z elektrolytu ke katod\u011b (kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 kladnou polaritu) v d\u016fsledku energie uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 chemickou reakc\u00ed. Pohyb iont\u016f pokra\u010duje sm\u011brem ven prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed elektron\u016f do \u010dl\u00e1nku (nebo baterie), co\u017e vede ke vzniku kladn\u00e9ho proudu (p\u0159i uzav\u0159en\u00e9m obvodu). Nap\u0159\u00edklad v galvanick\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku Daniella je m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e1 elektroda katodou s kladnou polaritou. Nab\u00edjen\u00e1 baterie nebo elektrolytick\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek, v n\u011bm\u017e prob\u00edh\u00e1 elektrol\u00fdza, se vyzna\u010duje katodou z\u00e1porn\u00e9 polarity. Z katody se proud vrac\u00ed do zdroje (nap\u0159. nab\u00edje\u010dky automobilu nebo USB nab\u00edje\u010dky) v d\u016fsledku p\u0159iveden\u00ed n\u00e1boje do \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f.     <\/p>\n<h3>Anoda a katoda v elektrochemick\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch<\/h3>\n<p>V elektrochemii je anoda elektroda elektrochemick\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku, na kter\u00e9 prob\u00edh\u00e1 oxida\u010dn\u00ed reakce, a n\u00e1sledn\u011b reduk\u010dn\u00ed reakce na katod\u011b. Chemick\u00e9 reakce, p\u0159i nich\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed k sou\u010dasn\u00e9 oxidaci a redukci, se naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed &nbsp;<em>redox reakce<\/em> &nbsp; -red- z redukce, -ox z oxidace (oxidace). P\u0159i t\u011bchto reakc\u00edch je katoda spojena s kationty (akceptory elektron\u016f) a anoda s anionty (nosi\u010di elektron\u016f). Katoda m\u016f\u017ee nab\u00fdvat z\u00e1porn\u00e9 polarity v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b elektrolytick\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f (kdy je do \u010dl\u00e1nku p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bna elektrick\u00e1 energie, kter\u00e1 se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i rozkladn\u00fdch reakc\u00edch p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek) nebo kladn\u00e9 polarity u galvanick\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f (kdy jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou vzniku elektrick\u00e9 energie chemick\u00e9 reakce). Katoda pak dod\u00e1v\u00e1 elektrony kationt\u016fm (kter\u00e9 se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed kladn\u00fdm n\u00e1bojem) poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm z elektrolytu.   <\/p>\n<h3>Anoda a katoda v automobilov\u00e9 baterii<\/h3>\n<p>Jedn\u00edm z konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f elektrochemick\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f, se kter\u00fdmi se denn\u011b setk\u00e1v\u00e1me, jsou \u010dl\u00e1nky, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed automobilov\u00e9 baterie (akumul\u00e1tory). Akumul\u00e1tor je z\u00e1sob\u00e1rnou elektrick\u00e9 energie, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eita k nap\u00e1jen\u00ed elektrick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vozidla, kdy\u017e motor stoj\u00ed s vypnut\u00fdm motorem (nap\u0159. r\u00e1dio nebo pozi\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btla), a p\u0159ed nastartov\u00e1n\u00edm k nap\u00e1jen\u00ed zapalovac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (u motor\u016f se vzn\u011btov\u00fdm zapalov\u00e1n\u00edm k p\u0159edeh\u0159evu \u017ehavic\u00edch sv\u00ed\u010dek), palivov\u00e9ho \u010derpadla a start\u00e9ru. P\u0159i b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edm motoru je akumul\u00e1tor &#8220;pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b dob\u00edjen&#8221; z altern\u00e1toru (poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9ho od motoru kl\u00ednov\u00fdm \u0159emenem) p\u0159es usm\u011br\u0148ovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m s kompar\u00e1torem nap\u011bt\u00ed. Prvn\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm bodem je, \u017ee na rozd\u00edl od b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch bateri\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch nap\u0159\u00edklad k nap\u00e1jen\u00ed hodin, d\u00e1lkov\u00fdch ovlada\u010d\u016f nebo hra\u010dek. hodin, d\u00e1lkov\u00fdch ovlada\u010d\u016f nebo hra\u010dek (nap\u0159. LR6 nebo 6F22), je vnit\u0159n\u00ed struktura baterie tvo\u0159ena n\u011bkolika (obvykle \u0161esti) \u010dl\u00e1nky zapojen\u00fdmi do s\u00e9rie, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee se nap\u011bt\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f s\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed stejn\u011b, jako se s\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed odpory rezistor\u016f zapojen\u00fdch do s\u00e9rie. U v\u011bt\u0161iny olov\u011bn\u00fdch automobilov\u00fdch akumul\u00e1tor\u016f je v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed 12 V, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e skute\u010dn\u00fd, spr\u00e1vn\u011b provozovan\u00fd akumul\u00e1tor by m\u011bl v nezat\u00ed\u017een\u00e9m stavu d\u00e1vat nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10 V. 13V. V elektromobilech se nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed baterie o nap\u011bt\u00ed 24 V nebo 36 V, ale zp\u016fsob zapojen\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f a technologie v\u00fdroby je stejn\u00e1 jako u bateri\u00ed o ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00ed. Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, elektrick\u00e1 energie z baterie se uvol\u0148uje po p\u0159ipojen\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee k jej\u00edm svork\u00e1m. Uvoln\u011bn\u00e1 energie zahrnuje elektrick\u00fd proud, co\u017e je uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd pohyb elektron\u016f &#8211; z\u00e1porn\u011b nabit\u00fdch element\u00e1rn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stic, kter\u00e9 hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i p\u0159enosu elektrick\u00e9 energie.         <\/p>\n<p>U baterie jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na p\u00f3ly, kter\u00fdmi je p\u0159ipojena ke spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016fm. Tyto p\u00f3ly se pr\u00e1v\u011b ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako anoda a katoda. Za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch provozn\u00edch podm\u00ednek prob\u00edh\u00e1 v baterii proces p\u0159em\u011bny energie chemick\u00e9 reakce na energii elektrickou, kter\u00fd zahrnuje uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed elektron\u016f oxidac\u00ed anody (kladn\u00e9ho p\u00f3lu). Proud se do baterie vrac\u00ed p\u0159es katodu (z\u00e1porn\u00fd p\u00f3l), kter\u00e1 p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 elektrony uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 z anody. P\u0159i nab\u00edjen\u00ed baterie se cel\u00fd proces obr\u00e1t\u00ed. Pokud je v\u00fdstupn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed z baterie nedostate\u010dn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou nadm\u011brn\u00e9 vyb\u00edjen\u00ed a zna\u010dn\u00e1 ztr\u00e1ta elektrolytu. V olov\u011bn\u00e9m akumul\u00e1toru se katoda skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z desek z oxidu olovnat\u00e9ho (II) a katoda z desek z \u010dist\u00e9ho olova. Elektrolyt je naproti tomu %-40% roztok kyseliny s\u00edrov\u00e9 (VI) v demineralizovan\u00e9 vod\u011b. Kdy\u017e je obvod s bateri\u00ed uzav\u0159en (spot\u0159ebi\u010de jsou k n\u00ed p\u0159ipojeny), doch\u00e1z\u00ed k chemick\u00e9 reakci, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e vznik\u00e1 s\u00edran olovnat\u00fd (VI) a voda. V\u00fdsledkem reakce je emise elektron\u016f, kter\u00e9 se zformuj\u00ed do elektrick\u00e9ho proudu, jen\u017e je dod\u00e1v\u00e1n do spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016f p\u0159ipojen\u00fdch k baterii. Tyto reakce prob\u00edhaj\u00ed ob\u011bma sm\u011bry, a proto lze baterii opakovan\u011b nab\u00edjet a vyb\u00edjet.          <\/p>\n<h3>Anoda a katoda v polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 diod\u011b<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Polovodi\u010dov\u00e1 dioda<\/strong>&nbsp; je jednou z nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch elektronick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee plnit mnoho u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch funkc\u00ed v elektronick\u00fdch obvodech a syst\u00e9mech, nap\u0159\u00edklad chr\u00e1nit proti p\u0159ep\u00f3lov\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u00e1jec\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed nebo p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt (usm\u011br\u0148ovat) sinusov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed na pulzuj\u00edc\u00ed jednosm\u011brn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed. V polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch diod\u00e1ch je na p-n p\u0159echodu katoda dopovanou vrstvou typu n, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 d\u00edky pou\u017eit\u00e9mu dopov\u00e1n\u00ed vysokou hustotu voln\u00fdch elektron\u016f a rovnom\u011brnou hustotu pevn\u00fdch kladn\u00fdch n\u00e1boj\u016f, co\u017e jsou tepeln\u011b ionizovan\u00e9 dopanty. &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">V anodov\u00e9 vrstv\u011b typu n doch\u00e1z\u00ed k opa\u010dn\u00e9 situaci, kdy je p\u0159echod charakterizov\u00e1n vysokou hustotou elektronov\u00fdch d\u011br a pevn\u00fdmi z\u00e1porn\u00fdmi n\u00e1boji zachycuj\u00edc\u00edmi elektrony. Pokud jsou vedle sebe vytvo\u0159eny vrstvy dopovan\u00e9 P- a N-typem, zaji\u0161\u0165uje dif\u00faze tok elektron\u016f z oblast\u00ed s vysokou hustotou do oblast\u00ed s n\u00edzkou hustotou, tj. z vrstvy typu n do vrstvy typu p.  &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7bac3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b7bac3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/diody-17-300x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-53647\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/diody-17-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/diody-17-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/diody-17-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/diody-17-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/diody-17-640x640.jpg 640w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/diody-17.jpg 1510w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Diody<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cff1143 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7cff1143\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/57-led-diody\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">POD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71bf082 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71bf082\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pak se na ka\u017ed\u00e9 vrstv\u011b v bl\u00edzkosti mezivrstvy p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed pevn\u00e9 n\u00e1boje, tj. elektronov\u00e9 d\u00edry se uvol\u0148uj\u00ed z vrstvy typu p a nosi\u010de z vrstvy typu n, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznik\u00e1 ochuzen\u00e1 vrstva, d\u00edky n\u00ed\u017e dioda velmi dob\u0159e blokuje zp\u011btn\u00e9 proudy a vede jednosm\u011brn\u011b. To je zp\u016fsobeno vytvo\u0159en\u00edm potenci\u00e1lov\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry, kter\u00e1 br\u00e1n\u00ed proud\u016fm s polarizac\u00ed opa\u010dnou, ne\u017e je polarizace p\u0159echodu pn, co\u017e vede ke ztlu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ochuzovac\u00ed vrstvy. Dif\u00faze elektron\u016f z katody do vrstvy dopovan\u00e9 p-typem (anoda) vede ke vzniku minoritn\u00edch nosi\u010d\u016f, kter\u00e9 podl\u00e9haj\u00ed rekombinaci s majoritn\u00edmi nosi\u010di (elektronov\u00fdmi d\u00edrami). Tak\u00e9 elektronov\u00e9 d\u00edry se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed minoritn\u00edmi nosi\u010di ve vrstv\u011b dopovan\u00e9 n-typem (katoda).     <\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i rovnov\u00e1\u017en\u00e9m stavu, kdy je diodov\u00fd p\u0159echod nepolarizovan\u00fd, doch\u00e1z\u00ed vlivem tepeln\u011b podporovan\u00e9 difuze elektron\u016f a d\u011br v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m sm\u011bru k mal\u00e9mu proudov\u00e9mu toku ochuzenou vrstvou. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadem polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch diod je Zenerova dioda, kter\u00e1 za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch provozn\u00edch podm\u00ednek vede proud jednosm\u011brn\u011b a p\u0159i p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed na jej\u00edch v\u00fdvodech (tzv. Zenerova nap\u011bt\u00ed) za\u010dne v\u00e9st proud v opa\u010dn\u00e9m sm\u011bru. P\u0159i p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed Zenerova nap\u011bt\u00ed v\u0161ak doch\u00e1z\u00ed k lavinov\u00e9mu pr\u016frazu a polovodi\u010dov\u00fd p\u0159echod je pak trvale po\u0161kozen.  <\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky a odpov\u011bdi<\/h3>\n<p>Pro d\u016fkladn\u00fd popis mechanism\u016f vodivosti chemick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f elekt\u0159iny a polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch prvk\u016f na b\u00e1zi anody a katody je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 zn\u00e1t jejich nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlastnosti, kter\u00e9 si p\u0159edstav\u00edme formou ot\u00e1zek a odpov\u011bd\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p><b>1. Jakou polaritu m\u00e1 anoda a jakou katoda?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Anodu si nej\u010dast\u011bji p\u0159edstavujeme jako z\u00e1porn\u00fd p\u00f3l galvanick\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku a katodu jako kladn\u00fd p\u00f3l. To je spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 \u00favaha, proto\u017ee anoda je oblast, ze kter\u00e9 elektrony vych\u00e1zej\u00ed, zat\u00edmco katoda je prvek, kter\u00fd realizuje p\u0159\u00edjem elektron\u016f z anody, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje jejich tok v obvodu. <\/p>\n<p><b>2. Prob\u00edh\u00e1 oxida\u010dn\u00ed reakce na anod\u011b nebo na katod\u011b?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Anoda je prvek, kde prob\u00edh\u00e1 oxida\u010dn\u00ed reakce. K tomu doch\u00e1z\u00ed d\u00edky uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed elektron\u016f z kovov\u00e9 anody. <\/p>\n<p><b>3. Jak\u00fd je elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj anody a katody?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Oxidace je reakc\u00ed anody na uvoln\u011bn\u00ed elektron\u016f z n\u00ed. Proto je anoda z\u00e1porn\u011b nabit\u00e1. Na katod\u011b prob\u00edh\u00e1 reduk\u010dn\u00ed reakce, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e jsou elektrony zachyceny (p\u0159ijaty) z anody. Proto je anoda chud\u00e1 na elektrony a kladn\u011b nabit\u00e1.   <\/p>\n<p><b>4. Maj\u00ed kationty kladn\u00fd nebo z\u00e1porn\u00fd n\u00e1boj?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Kationt je definov\u00e1n jako iont s kladn\u00fdm n\u00e1bojem nebo jako atom, kter\u00fd ztratil jeden elektron.<\/p>\n<p><b>5. Z jak\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f se nej\u010dast\u011bji vyr\u00e1b\u00ed anoda a katoda?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>K v\u00fdrob\u011b anody a katody se nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 zinek, lithium a m\u011b\u010f.<\/p>\n<p><b>6. Jak se chovaj\u00ed anoda a katoda p\u0159i korozi?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u017delezo p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 v anod\u011b galvanick\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku m\u00e1 tendenci korodovat, v d\u016fsledku \u010deho\u017e p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do druh\u00e9ho oxida\u010dn\u00edho stupn\u011b, zat\u00edmco na katod\u011b vznik\u00e1 v d\u016fsledku oxidace voda.<\/p>\n<p><b>7. Prob\u00edh\u00e1 reduk\u010dn\u00ed reakce v\u017edy na katod\u011b?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Reduk\u010dn\u00ed reakce prob\u00edh\u00e1 v\u017edy na katod\u011b a oxida\u010dn\u00ed reakce v\u017edy na anod\u011b. Kdy\u017e se elektrony uvol\u0148uj\u00ed z anody, p\u0159esouvaj\u00ed se do reduk\u010dn\u00ed oblasti, tj. do oblasti katody. <\/p>\n<p><b>8. M\u00e1 katoda LED diody kladnou nebo z\u00e1pornou polaritu?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Obvykle je u LED diod katodov\u00fd vodi\u010d ozna\u010den jako ten, kter\u00fd je krat\u0161\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s druh\u00fdm vodi\u010dem (anodou). Anoda LED diody by m\u011bla b\u00fdt v\u017edy p\u0159ipojena k bodu elektrick\u00e9ho obvodu s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm potenci\u00e1lem ne\u017e jej\u00ed katoda. <\/p>\n<p><b>9 LED dioda &#8211; kde je katoda a kde anoda? <\/b><\/p>\n<p>Chcete-li si toto rozlo\u017een\u00ed zapamatovat, pou\u017eijte obr\u00e1zek.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a4dd10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6a4dd10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/led-plus-minus-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-55369\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-db7bf63 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db7bf63\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a1615b\" data-id=\"6a1615b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a9f52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"23a9f52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na obr\u00e1zku je jasn\u011b vid\u011bt, \u017ee sm\u011br proudu sm\u011b\u0159uje od anody ke katod\u011b. V LED lamp\u011b je anoda na obr\u00e1zku vlevo a katoda vpravo. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-56995f84 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"56995f84\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7df23b23\" data-id=\"7df23b23\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a976936 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2a976936\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dob\u0159e, zkus\u00edm to s touto elektronikou.<br>Super, ale kde m\u00e1m za\u010d\u00edt...?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c481dae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c481dae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Teoretick\u00e9 znalosti nesta\u010d\u00ed &#8211; je t\u0159eba je obohatit prax\u00ed. Ve skute\u010dnosti by m\u011bly j\u00edt ruku v ruce. Jak to ud\u011blat krok za krokem, <b>od \u00fapln\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edka<\/b>? Kdy\u017e je v\u0161e uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1no a vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se dopl\u0148uje, u\u010den\u00ed se nov\u00fdm t\u00e9mat\u016fm se st\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dist\u00fdm pot\u011b\u0161en\u00edm. <\/p>\n<p>Polsk\u00e9 kurzy Forbot a knihy s online podporou ji\u017e vyzkou\u0161ely tis\u00edce lid\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b s nimi se rod\u00ed nov\u00ed profesion\u00e1lov\u00e9 v oblasti elektroniky.  <span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Pod\u00edvejte se k n\u00e1m &#8211; m\u00e1me jich des\u00edtky a vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed z\u00e1kladna pro elektroniky, program\u00e1tory a robotiky se neust\u00e1le rozr\u016fst\u00e1! <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-2ed0c71a\" data-id=\"2ed0c71a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cfc16bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1cfc16bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"540\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/kursy-forbot.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-56383\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/kursy-forbot.jpg 540w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/kursy-forbot-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/kursy-forbot-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Knihy a kurzy Forbot<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-855097c elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"855097c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">POD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e9142d3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e9142d3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f5fd262\" data-id=\"f5fd262\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8157a84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8157a84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"k-faq-accord\">\n<h2>Anoda a katoda &#8211; \u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"tabs\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/FAQPage\">\n<div class=\"tab\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><input id=\"chck1\" type=\"checkbox\">\n<h3><label class=\"tab-label\" itemprop=\"name\" for=\"chck1\">Jak pozn\u00e1te anodu a katodu?<label><\/h3>\n<div class=\"tab-content\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n\n<div itemprop=\"text\">Katoda a anoda jsou v obvodu ur\u010deny na z\u00e1klad\u011b informac\u00ed o sm\u011bru, kter\u00fdm proud proch\u00e1z\u00ed. Anoda je elektroda, na kterou je p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bn proud. Katoda je naopak elektroda, ze kter\u00e9 proud te\u010de. Doporu\u010dujeme v\u0161em p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst si tento zaj\u00edmav\u00fd <a href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/?p=88707\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\u010dl\u00e1nek<\/a> o katod\u011b a anod\u011b.    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"tab\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><input id=\"chck2\" type=\"checkbox\">\n<h3><label class=\"tab-label\" itemprop=\"name\" for=\"chck2\">Pro\u010d je katoda z\u00e1porn\u00e1?<\/label><\/h3>\n<div class=\"tab-content\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n\n<div itemprop=\"text\">Katoda je z\u00e1porn\u00e1 elektroda, jej\u00ed\u017e hlavn\u00ed funkc\u00ed je p\u0159itahovat kladn\u011b nabit\u00e9 elektrony z anody. Na katod\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed k tzv. reduk\u010dn\u00edmu jevu. Z\u00e1porn\u00e1 polarita katody je zp\u016fsobena z\u00e1porn\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm (nap\u0159. \u010dl\u00e1nky).   <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"tab\" itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\"><input id=\"chck3\" type=\"checkbox\">\n<h3><label class=\"tab-label\" itemprop=\"name\" for=\"chck3\">Jak\u00fd kov je katoda?<\/label><\/h3>\n<div class=\"tab-content\" itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemscope=\"\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n\n<div itemprop=\"text\">Pro v\u00fdrobu katody se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b materi\u00e1ly jako m\u011b\u010f, zinek a lithium. Vlivem vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vliv\u016f m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet ke korozi anody a katody. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b anody doch\u00e1z\u00ed k oxidaci \u017eeleza, zat\u00edmco v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b koroduj\u00edc\u00ed katody vznik\u00e1 voda.   <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ve sv\u011bt\u011b elektroniky je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 se pohybovat bez znalosti n\u011bkter\u00fdch z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pojm\u016f. Dnes je p\u0159ed v\u00e1mi mal\u00e1, p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e1 lekce fyziky a chemie &#8211; seznamte se s katodou a anodou. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":60287,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[548,549],"tags":[650,550,651],"class_list":["post-88707","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika-cs","category-kompendium-cs","tag-chemia-cs","tag-elektronika-cs","tag-fyzika-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Anoda a katoda - jak to funguje? - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Anoda a katoda - ned\u00edln\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti chemick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f elekt\u0159iny. 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