{"id":90426,"date":"2023-08-31T14:00:18","date_gmt":"2023-08-31T12:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/uart-co-to-jest-i-gdzie-jest-wykorzystywany\/"},"modified":"2026-04-08T11:07:15","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T09:07:15","slug":"uart-co-to-je-a-kde-se-pouziva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/uart-co-to-je-a-kde-se-pouziva\/","title":{"rendered":"UART – co to je a kde se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1?"},"content":{"rendered":"\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> 3<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t
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Obvod UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) je integrovan\u00fd obvod, kter\u00fd slou\u017e\u00ed k asynchronn\u00edmu p\u0159enosu a p\u0159\u00edjmu informac\u00ed p\u0159es s\u00e9riov\u00fd port. Chcete v\u011bd\u011bt, jak funguje a kde se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku najdete odpov\u011bdi na tyto ot\u00e1zky. Zveme v\u00e1s ke \u010dten\u00ed!<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Integrovan\u00fd obvod UART - sch\u00e9ma zapojen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Integrovan\u00fd obvod UART<\/strong><\/a> (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter – univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed asynchronn\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d a vys\u00edla\u010d) je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 komunikace, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed data mezi paraleln\u00edm a s\u00e9riov\u00fdm rozhran\u00edm. Sch\u00e9ma n\u00e1vrhu UART je pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00e9. <\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi sou\u010d\u00e1stmi obvodu UART jsou vys\u00edla\u010d (Transmitter) a p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d (Receiver)<\/strong>. Vys\u00edla\u010d je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za p\u0159evod paraleln\u00edch dat na s\u00e9riov\u00e1, zat\u00edmco p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d prov\u00e1d\u00ed opa\u010dn\u00fd proces. P\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 datov\u00e9 bity ze s\u00e9riov\u00e9 linky, akumuluje je ve sv\u00e9m vnit\u0159n\u00edm registru a pot\u00e9 je p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed do paraleln\u00edho rozhran\u00ed. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Power Management Hat (B) - modul pro spr\u00e1vu nap\u00e1jen\u00ed s komunika\u010dn\u00edm rozhran\u00edm UART.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Jak p\u0159esn\u011b funguje obvod UART?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pochopen\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed UART vy\u017eaduje sezn\u00e1men\u00ed se s n\u011bkolika d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi kroky tohoto procesu. N\u00ed\u017ee tento proces pop\u00ed\u0161eme krok za krokem: <\/p>\n

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  1. Z\u00e1pis dat<\/span> – v prvn\u00edm kroku se do registru vys\u00edla\u010de UART zadaj\u00ed data, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159enesena. Tato data se obvykle p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed z paraleln\u00edho rozhran\u00ed, jako je datov\u00e1 sb\u011brnice procesoru. <\/li>\n
  2. P\u0159evod dat do s\u00e9riov\u00e9ho form\u00e1tu<\/span> – kdy\u017e jsou data v registru vys\u00edla\u010de, UART je p\u0159evede z paraleln\u00edho do s\u00e9riov\u00e9ho form\u00e1tu. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee data jsou p\u0159ipravena k p\u0159enosu bit po bitu. <\/li>\n
  3. P\u0159enos dat<\/span> – jakmile jsou data p\u0159ipravena k p\u0159enosu, UART je po s\u00e9riov\u00e9 lince ode\u0161le bit po bitu ve specifick\u00e9m form\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat startovac\u00ed bity, datov\u00e9 bity, paritn\u00ed bity a stop bity.<\/li>\n
  4. P\u0159\u00edjem dat<\/span> – na druh\u00e9m konci komunikace p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d UART datov\u00e9 bity ze s\u00e9riov\u00e9 linky. P\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d tyto bity shroma\u017e\u010fuje ve sv\u00e9m vnit\u0159n\u00edm registru. <\/li>\n
  5. P\u0159evod dat do paraleln\u00edho form\u00e1tu<\/span> – po p\u0159ijet\u00ed cel\u00e9 sady datov\u00fdch bit\u016f p\u0159evede p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010d tato data ze s\u00e9riov\u00e9ho form\u00e1tu zp\u011bt do paraleln\u00edho form\u00e1tu. Jedn\u00e1 se o opa\u010dn\u00fd proces, ne\u017e jak\u00fd prov\u00e1d\u00ed vys\u00edla\u010d. <\/li>\n
  6. \u010cten\u00ed dat<\/span> – po p\u0159eveden\u00ed dat do paraleln\u00edho form\u00e1tu se data p\u0159enesou do paraleln\u00edho rozhran\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de, odkud je lze \u010d\u00edst a pou\u017e\u00edvat.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    V\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 kroky jsou z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi kroky procesu obvodu UART. Nezapome\u0148te v\u0161ak, \u017ee v z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm \u010dipu a konfiguraci mohou existovat dal\u0161\u00ed kroky nebo funkce, jako je \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed toku nebo zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed chyb. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Informace o standardech rozhran\u00ed, se kter\u00fdmi m\u016f\u017ee UART pracovat<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Obvod UART je velmi univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed a m\u016f\u017ee pracovat s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi standardy s\u00e9riov\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed. N\u00ed\u017ee uv\u00e1d\u00edme seznam t\u011bch nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch: <\/p>\n

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    1. RS-232<\/span> – jedn\u00e1 se o nejstar\u0161\u00ed a nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed standard s\u00e9riov\u00e9ho rozhran\u00ed. B\u011b\u017en\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro komunikaci mezi po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem a perifern\u00edmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi, jako jsou modemy, my\u0161i a tisk\u00e1rny. <\/li>\n
    2. RS-422<\/span> – tento standard je zn\u00e1m\u00fd t\u00edm, \u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje del\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159enosov\u00e9 rychlosti ne\u017e RS-232. RS-422 se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, kde d\u00e9lka kabel\u016f m\u016f\u017ee dosahovat n\u011bkolika set metr\u016f. <\/li>\n
    3. RS-485<\/span> – stejn\u011b jako RS-422 umo\u017e\u0148uje RS-485 del\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159enosov\u00e9 rychlosti. Standard RS-485 nav\u00edc umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00edcebodovou komunikaci, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na jedn\u00e9 s\u00e9riov\u00e9 lince m\u016f\u017ee komunikovat v\u00edce za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. <\/li>\n
    4. USB (Universal Serial Bus)<\/span> – a\u010dkoli USB nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo kompatibiln\u00ed s UART, existuj\u00ed “m\u016fstkov\u00e9” obvody USB-UART, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed data mezi rozhran\u00edm USB a UART. To umo\u017e\u0148uje snadn\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed UART k po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016fm a dal\u0161\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm s porty USB. <\/li>\n
    5. TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic)<\/span> – UART \u010dasto spolupracuje s rozhran\u00edm TTL, zejm\u00e9na ve vestav\u011bn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech a mikrokontrol\u00e9rech. V t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpadech se data UART p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed na nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b TTL, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00edmo kompatibiln\u00ed s digit\u00e1ln\u00ed logikou za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      P\u0159\u00edklady pou\u017eit\u00ed obvodu UART v praxi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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      Obvod UART na\u0161el \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech technologie, a to jak v komer\u010dn\u00edch produktech, tak v pr\u016fmyslu. Jak\u00e9 jsou mo\u017enosti pou\u017eit\u00ed?<\/p>\n

      Komunikace mezi po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem a perifern\u00edmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi<\/h3>\n

      UART se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro komunikaci mezi po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem a r\u016fzn\u00fdmi periferiemi, jako jsou my\u0161i, kl\u00e1vesnice, tisk\u00e1rny nebo modemy. Umo\u017e\u0148uje mnoho \u010dinnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 denn\u011b prov\u00e1d\u00edme. <\/p>\n

      Vestavn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a mikrokontrol\u00e9ry<\/h3>\n

      U dron\u016f, robot\u016f nebo monitorovac\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f se UART \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro komunikaci mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi moduly. Mikrokontrol\u00e9ry, jako jsou ty z rodiny Arduino nebo Raspberry Pi, \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed UART ke komunikaci s jin\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi nebo moduly. <\/p>\n

      Komunikace v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech<\/h3>\n

      V pr\u016fmyslu se UART \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro komunikaci mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1stmi syst\u00e9mu, jako jsou \u0159adi\u010de, senzory a dal\u0161\u00ed komponenty. M\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt o m\u00edstn\u00ed i vzd\u00e1lenou komunikaci. <\/p>\n

      Telekomunikace, s\u00edt\u011b a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed GPS<\/h3>\n

      UART lze pou\u017e\u00edt tak\u00e9 v telekomunikac\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad pro komunikaci mezi \u00fast\u0159ednou a modemem nebo v s\u00edt\u00edch pro komunikaci mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi. Mnoho v\u00fdrobc\u016f modul\u016f GPS pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 UART k p\u0159enosu \u00fadaj\u016f o poloze do po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f, chytr\u00fdch telefon\u016f nebo jin\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. <\/p>\n

      Bezpochyby lze \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee obvod UART je velmi v\u0161estrann\u00fd a nach\u00e1z\u00ed uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v mnoha oblastech pr\u016fmyslu i ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota. Uv\u011bdomili jste si to p\u0159ed p\u0159e\u010dten\u00edm tohoto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku na blogu? <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Obvod UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) je integrovan\u00fd obvod, kter\u00fd slou\u017e\u00ed k asynchronn\u00edmu p\u0159enosu a p\u0159\u00edjmu informac\u00ed p\u0159es s\u00e9riov\u00fd port. Chcete v\u011bd\u011bt, jak funguje a kde se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku najdete odpov\u011bdi na tyto ot\u00e1zky. Zveme v\u00e1s ke \u010dten\u00ed!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":68987,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[548,549,560],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-90426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika-cs","category-kompendium-cs","category-poradenstvi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUART - co to je a kde se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/uart-co-to-je-a-kde-se-pouziva\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"UART - co to je a kde se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? - Botland\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Obvod UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) je integrovan\u00fd obvod, kter\u00fd slou\u017e\u00ed k asynchronn\u00edmu p\u0159enosu a p\u0159\u00edjmu informac\u00ed p\u0159es s\u00e9riov\u00fd port. Chcete v\u011bd\u011bt, jak funguje a kde se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku najdete odpov\u011bdi na tyto ot\u00e1zky. 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