{"id":90798,"date":"2024-01-03T14:00:28","date_gmt":"2024-01-03T13:00:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/bledy-pomiarowe\/"},"modified":"2026-04-08T11:02:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T09:02:09","slug":"chyby-mereni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/chyby-mereni\/","title":{"rendered":"Chyby m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\">\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 4<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"90798\" class=\"elementor elementor-90798 elementor-74322\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-524dead elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"524dead\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6f93743\" data-id=\"6f93743\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d5547e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d5547e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>C\u00edlem tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku je analyzovat vlivy a zp\u016fsoby zapojen\u00ed m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f do elektrick\u00e9ho obvodu a poskytnout informace o typick\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u00edch. <a href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/578-indikatory-napeti\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\"><strong>voltmetrech, amp\u00e9rmetrech<\/strong><\/a>, <strong>ode\u010dtu nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch hodnot<\/strong> a <strong>chyb\u00e1ch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong>. V aspektech elektrick\u00fdch elektronick\u00fdch obvod\u016f je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 m\u00edt znalosti o tom, co se bude m\u011b\u0159it, tj. jak\u00e1 <strong>fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed veli\u010dina<\/strong> se bude m\u011b\u0159it a jak\u00e1 <strong>hodnota<\/strong> se p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1 jako v\u00fdsledek m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e se p\u0159istoup\u00ed k jak\u00e9mukoli m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1cb94a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a1cb94a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2ed01a8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2ed01a8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-f568b16\" data-id=\"f568b16\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b053a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2b053a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm je kontrola <strong>elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong>. Jednotkou nap\u011bt\u00ed je <strong>volt [V]<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p> P\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<strong> nap\u011bt\u00ed stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9ho<\/strong> <strong>DC<\/strong> nebo <strong>st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/strong> <strong>AC<\/strong> p\u0159ipojujeme voltmetr k obvodu v\u017edy <strong>paraleln\u011b<\/strong>. Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed voltmetr by m\u011bl m\u00edt <strong>vysok\u00fd vnit\u0159n\u00ed odpor<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-be66123\" data-id=\"be66123\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ed8a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"23ed8a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"rys1\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzQzMjUsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmN6XC9ibG9nXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMVwvcnlzMS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"219\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys1-300x219.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-74325\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys1-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys1.jpg 604w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-719f628 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"719f628\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f21e72c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f21e72c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed proudu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-b31ead9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b31ead9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-fdb62ba\" data-id=\"fdb62ba\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-831852a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"831852a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hodnota elektrick\u00e9ho proudu tekouc\u00edho v obvodu se m\u011b\u0159\u00ed v <strong>amp\u00e9rech [A]<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed proudu pomoc\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/574-univerzalni-merice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\"><strong>univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011b\u0159i\u010d<\/strong><\/a> mus\u00edme amp\u00e9rmetr zapojit <strong>s\u00e9riov\u011b<\/strong> s elektrick\u00fdm obvodem. <strong>Vnit\u0159n\u00ed odpor<\/strong> ide\u00e1ln\u00edho amp\u00e9rmetru by m\u011bl b\u00fdt <strong>0 \u03a9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-924e963\" data-id=\"924e963\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11ca27b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"11ca27b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys2.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"rys2\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzQzMjksInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmN6XC9ibG9nXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMVwvcnlzMi5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"211\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys2-300x211.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-74329\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys2-300x211.jpg 300w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys2.jpg 372w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac718fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ac718fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-567f278 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"567f278\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chyby m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6283420 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6283420\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prakticky ka\u017ed\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed je zat\u00ed\u017eeno <strong>chybou m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/strong> Aby m\u011bl test plnou hodnotu, je t\u0159eba ur\u010dit <strong>p\u0159esnost m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong>. Proto se krom\u011b v\u00fdsledku m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed <strong>velikost chyby m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong> vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00e1 v jednotk\u00e1ch m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 veli\u010diny.  <\/p>\n<p><strong>Chyby m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/strong> jsou d\u016fsledkem nedokonal\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch technik a mohou do v\u00fdsledk\u016f vn\u00e1\u0161et zkreslen\u00ed. Lze je definovat jako rozd\u00edl mezi v\u00fdsledkem zkou\u0161ky a skute\u010dnou hodnotou m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 veli\u010diny. Chyby m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed lze rozd\u011blit na <strong>systematick\u00e9, n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 a hrub\u00e9. <\/strong>   <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22e56f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"22e56f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Systematick\u00e1 chyba<\/strong> je chyba, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 konstantn\u00ed absolutn\u00ed hodnotu a znam\u00e9nko p\u0159i v\u00edce m\u011b\u0159en\u00edch stejn\u00e9 veli\u010diny za stejn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Tato chyba se m\u011bn\u00ed se zm\u011bnou podm\u00ednek m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, nap\u0159. tlaku, okoln\u00ed teploty, vlhkosti. Obvykl\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami systematick\u00e9 chyby jsou chyby v kalibraci m\u011b\u0159idla a\/nebo chyby v kalibraci m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstroje.   <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div> <\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>N\u00e1hodn\u00e1 chyba<\/strong> obvykle nen\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e1 a identifikovateln\u00e1. Tyto chyby obvykle nelze odstranit, ale lze ur\u010dit jejich vliv na kone\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdsledek m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div> <\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hrub\u00e1 chyba<\/strong> je zp\u016fsobena p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nepozornost\u00ed nebo nedostate\u010dn\u00fdmi znalostmi osoby, kter\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u00ed. Tyto chyby lze pom\u011brn\u011b snadno odhalit a odstranit. Jejich p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami jsou nej\u010dast\u011bji: chyby p\u0159i ode\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledku, chyby p\u0159i z\u00e1znamu, v\u00fdb\u011br nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho rozsahu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed apod.   <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ead97da elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ead97da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2ec049 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f2ec049\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vzhledem ke <strong>zp\u016fsobu z\u00e1znamu velikosti chyby<\/strong> se rozli\u0161uj\u00ed <strong>chyby absolutn\u00ed a relativn\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c0f0e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c0f0e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Absolutn\u00ed chybou<\/strong> se rozum\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi nam\u011b\u0159enou hodnotou. <span id=\"docs-internal-guid-147232a2-7fff-7820-eef3-e272b47e29a5\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">x<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">m<\/span><\/span><\/span> a skute\u010dnou hodnotou <span id=\"docs-internal-guid-7e4a8ff4-7fff-5a64-a870-8f608146b39d\"><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">x<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">rz<\/span><\/span><\/span> :  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47ea6b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"47ea6b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"124\" height=\"31\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-74333\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d07230 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d07230\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tato chyba se vyjad\u0159uje v jednotk\u00e1ch m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 veli\u010diny, nap\u0159: <strong>U + \u0394U = (10 \u00b1 0,5) V.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84cf810 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"84cf810\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul>\n<li><strong>Relativn\u00ed chyba<\/strong> se vyjad\u0159uje jako pom\u011br absolutn\u00ed chyby k m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 veli\u010din\u011b a ud\u00e1v\u00e1 se v procentech: <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7566ed5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7566ed5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys4.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"rys4\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzQzMzcsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmN6XC9ibG9nXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMVwvcnlzNC5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"296\" height=\"51\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys4.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-74337\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b39c19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8b39c19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-558b0b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"558b0b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chyba m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ea5854 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ea5854\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>P\u0159esnost m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstroje<\/strong> ur\u010duje minim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnotu chyby, kter\u00e1 vznik\u00e1 p\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed t\u00edmto p\u0159\u00edstrojem. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu byl pro v\u011bt\u0161inu m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f zaveden pojem tzv. <strong>t\u0159\u00eddy p\u0159\u00edstroje<\/strong>. M\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje by m\u011bly b\u00fdt konstruov\u00e1ny tak, aby se v\u00fdsledky m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed neli\u0161ily od skute\u010dn\u00e9 hodnoty o v\u00edce ne\u017e hodnotu odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed t\u0159\u00edd\u011b p\u0159\u00edstroje. T\u0159\u00eddu m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstroje je mo\u017en\u00e9 definovat jako chybu odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed indikaci dan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstroje na dan\u00e9m rozsahu ve vztahu k maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnot\u011b pou\u017eit\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edho rozsahu a vyj\u00e1d\u0159enou v procentech.   <\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u0159\u00edda<\/strong> konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstroje by m\u011bla b\u00fdt zvolena podle po\u017eadavk\u016f aplikace a \u00farovn\u011b p\u0159esnosti, kter\u00e1 je pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e1. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-f68cf89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f68cf89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d0201a\" data-id=\"7d0201a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db3bd30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"db3bd30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>P\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dva typy p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>se stup\u0148ovit\u00fdm ukazatelem (tzv. analogov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ad5f035\" data-id=\"ad5f035\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abe2d2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"abe2d2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/10202_1_kwadrata.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"10202_1_kwadrata\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzQzNDUsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmN6XC9ibG9nXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMVwvMTAyMDJfMV9rd2FkcmF0YS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"156\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/10202_1_kwadrata-300x156.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-74345\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/10202_1_kwadrata-300x156.jpg 300w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/10202_1_kwadrata-1024x534.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/10202_1_kwadrata-768x400.jpg 768w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/10202_1_kwadrata.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Analogov\u00fd amp\u00e9rmetr - 15A.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c267292 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"c267292\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/indikatory-napeti\/10202-analogovy-ampermetr-15a-5904422315160.html\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">POD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72a6fc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"72a6fc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-d063f1a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d063f1a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5880131\" data-id=\"5880131\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c760702 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c760702\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u0159\u00eddy analogov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f jsou normalizov\u00e1ny a v\u00fdrobci je mus\u00ed navrhnout tak, aby spl\u0148ovaly po\u017eadavky t\u0159\u00edd: <strong>0,1; 0,2; 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2,5; 5.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> s digit\u00e1ln\u00edm ode\u010dtem (tzv. digit\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div> <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-df71d5f\" data-id=\"df71d5f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3eee9a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3eee9a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/18397_4a.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"18397_4a\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzQzNDksInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmN6XC9ibG9nXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMVwvMTgzOTdfNGEuanBnIn0%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/18397_4a-1024x378.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-74349\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/18397_4a-1024x378.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/18397_4a-300x111.jpg 300w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/18397_4a-768x284.jpg 768w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/18397_4a.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011b\u0159i\u010d Rebel RB-830.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-342c2f4 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"342c2f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/univerzalni-merice\/18397-univerzalni-meric-rebel-rb-830-5901890058087.html\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">POD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de52f89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"de52f89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24036fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"24036fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chyba zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 t\u0159\u00eddou p\u0159\u00edstroje<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05ff75f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"05ff75f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed analogov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstrojem:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159esnost analogov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f je ur\u010dena <strong>procentu\u00e1ln\u00ed chybou<\/strong> odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00edmu vych\u00fdlen\u00ed ukazatele (horn\u00ed mez rozsahu). Absolutn\u00ed chyba m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed je tedy definov\u00e1na takto:  <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e209073 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e209073\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys5.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"rys5\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzQzNTMsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmN6XC9ibG9nXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMVwvcnlzNS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"265\" height=\"41\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys5.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-74353\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77e7510 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"77e7510\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fdf60b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1fdf60b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Relativn\u00ed chyba<\/strong> se ur\u010d\u00ed podle vzorce a vyj\u00e1d\u0159\u00ed se v procentech: <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8285fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b8285fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys6.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"rys6\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzQzNTcsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmN6XC9ibG9nXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMVwvcnlzNi5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"154\" height=\"53\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys6.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-74357\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2112667 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2112667\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edklad:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Voltmetr s rozsahem<strong> 300<\/strong> volt\u016f je <strong>t\u0159\u00eddy 1,5 <\/strong>&#8211; to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee kdekoli v rozsahu m\u016f\u017ee ukazovat o <strong>4,5 V<\/strong> v\u00edce nebo m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e je skute\u010dn\u00e1 hodnota. Pokud se takov\u00fdm voltmetrem m\u011b\u0159\u00ed mal\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, je m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed velmi nep\u0159esn\u00e9, nap\u0159. nap\u011bt\u00ed o skute\u010dn\u00e9 hodnot\u011b <strong>10 V<\/strong> m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 takov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstrojem m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ode\u010dteno jako <strong>5,5 V<\/strong> nebo <strong>14,5 V<\/strong>, co\u017e d\u00e1v\u00e1 relativn\u00ed procentu\u00e1ln\u00ed mezn\u00ed chybu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed <strong>45 %<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p>Nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak ur\u010dit mezn\u00ed relativn\u00ed chybu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, je u analogov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstroje pomoc\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9ho pravidla: &#8220;t\u0159\u00edda kr\u00e1t rozsah d\u011bleno ode\u010dtem&#8221;. Pro uva\u017eovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad to je: <strong> 1.5% &#8211; 300\/10 = 45%.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>Proto by se p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed analogov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f m\u011bly jejich rozsahy volit tak, aby se hodnoty m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 veli\u010diny ode\u010d\u00edtaly bl\u00edzko konce stupnice. Pak je procentu\u00e1ln\u00ed chyba m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed jen o m\u00e1lo v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e chyba vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z t\u0159\u00eddy p\u0159\u00edstroje. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6532e0 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f6532e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85d081b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85d081b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstrojem:<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-512e8ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"512e8ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd standardizovan\u00fd zp\u016fsob ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159esnosti digit\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f, proto si v\u017edy ov\u011b\u0159te, jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jsou chyby konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstroje stanoveny v <strong>n\u00e1vodu k pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/strong>. T\u0159\u00edda v\u011bt\u0161iny digit\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011b\u0159idel je<strong> 0,5,<\/strong> tak\u017ee absolutn\u00ed chyba m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 veli\u010diny je: <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b160aad elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b160aad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys7.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"rys7\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzQzNjEsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmN6XC9ibG9nXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMVwvcnlzNy5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"274\" height=\"64\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys7.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-74361\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7edc280 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7edc280\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>kde: <strong>woc<\/strong> je v\u00e1ha posledn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslice.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00e1ha posledn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslice<\/strong> z\u00e1vis\u00ed na pou\u017eit\u00e9m rozsahu a je nap\u0159\u00edklad <strong>1; 0,1; 0,01; 0,001<\/strong> jednotky m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 veli\u010diny. Chyba m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed u digit\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstroje je definov\u00e1na jako <strong>sou\u010det relativn\u00ed a absolutn\u00ed chyby (chyb)<\/strong> a takto definovan\u00e9 chyby nelze p\u0159\u00edmo se\u010d\u00edst a ur\u010dit tak celkovou chybu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Proto je nutn\u00e9 nejprve p\u0159ev\u00e9st relativn\u00ed chybu na absolutn\u00ed chybu a pot\u00e9 lze ur\u010dit celkovou chybu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed jako sou\u010det absolutn\u00edch chyb a po vyd\u011blen\u00ed m\u011b\u0159enou veli\u010dinou vypo\u010d\u00edtat relativn\u00ed chybu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.  <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c5c14f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c5c14f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edklad: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Podle n\u00e1vodu kp\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstroji je chyba m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed vrozsahu <strong>10 V <\/strong><strong> 0,1 %<\/strong> m\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 veli\u010diny +\/- hodnota odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed jedn\u00e9 jednotce hmotnosti p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00e9 posledn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslici na displeji, tj. Rozli\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje na dan\u00e9m rozsahu. Nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed poskytlo v\u00fdsledek <strong>5,231 V<\/strong>. V\u00e1ha jedn\u00e9 jednotky posledn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslice na displeji je tedy <strong>0,001 V<\/strong>.   <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08187f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"08187f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Absolutn\u00ed chyba<\/strong> odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed <strong>0,1 %<\/strong> nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 hodnoty je:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ba9acf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8ba9acf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys8.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"rys8\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzQzNjUsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmN6XC9ibG9nXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMVwvcnlzOC5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"253\" height=\"62\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys8.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-74365\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff7bbdd elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ff7bbdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a053eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a053eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sou\u010det absolutn\u00edch chyb<\/strong>, kter\u00fd ur\u010duje maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed chybu podle n\u00e1vodu k p\u0159\u00edstroji, je tedy:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b59a9eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b59a9eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys9.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"rys9\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzQzNjksInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmN6XC9ibG9nXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMVwvcnlzOS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"332\" height=\"36\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys9.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-74369\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys9.jpg 332w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys9-300x33.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 332px) 100vw, 332px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8b0f2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"d8b0f2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b39f2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b39f2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee <strong>relativn\u00ed chyba v\u00fdsledku m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed <\/strong>je:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c742e2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c742e2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys10.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"rys10\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzQzNzMsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib3RsYW5kLmN6XC9ibG9nXC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDI0XC8wMVwvcnlzMTAuanBnIn0%3D\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"310\" height=\"59\" src=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys10.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-74373\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys10.jpg 310w, https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/rys10-300x57.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3e9e2e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a3e9e2e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b5564c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8b5564c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Modern\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/botland.cz\/574-univerzalni-merice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-wpel-link=\"internal\"><strong>digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011b\u0159i\u010de<\/strong><\/a> maj\u00ed \u010dasto zabudovanou funkci automatick\u00e9 volby rozsahu, tak\u017ee tato podm\u00ednka je zpravidla spln\u011bna.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00edlem tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku je analyzovat vlivy a zp\u016fsoby zapojen\u00ed m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f do elektrick\u00e9ho obvodu a poskytnout informace o typick\u00fdch voltmetrech, amp\u00e9rmetrech, ode\u010dtu nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch hodnot a chyb\u00e1ch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":74377,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[548,549,560],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-90798","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika-cs","category-kompendium-cs","category-poradenstvi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chyby m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00edlem tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku je analyzovat vlivy a zp\u016fsoby zapojen\u00ed m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f do elektrick\u00e9ho obvodu a poskytnout informace o typick\u00fdch voltmetrech, amp\u00e9rmetrech, ode\u010dtu nam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch hodnot a chyb\u00e1ch 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