{"id":92676,"date":"2021-08-19T13:00:41","date_gmt":"2021-08-19T11:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/jak-najlepiej-zaczac-przygode-z-drukiem-3d\/"},"modified":"2024-10-15T10:06:34","modified_gmt":"2024-10-15T08:06:34","slug":"jak-nejlepe-zacit-s-3d-tiskem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/jak-nejlepe-zacit-s-3d-tiskem\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak nejl\u00e9pe za\u010d\u00edt s 3D tiskem?"},"content":{"rendered":"\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> 3<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t
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Chcete za\u010d\u00edt s 3D tiskem, ale nev\u00edte jak? <\/b>O tomto t\u00e9matu se toho dozv\u00edte pom\u011brn\u011b dost, a to rychle!<\/b><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed kroky do sv\u011bta 3D tisku<\/h2>\n

Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek je v\u00fdukov\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem, kter\u00fd v\u00e1s sezn\u00e1m\u00ed se z\u00e1klady technologie 3D tisku a metodami 3D tisku. Sezn\u00e1m\u00edme se s principy 3D tisk\u00e1ren a konstrukc\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. V\u00fdroba trojrozm\u011brn\u00fdch objekt\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00fddobytky mnoha technologick\u00fdch obor\u016f a realizuje se pomoc\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 spojuj\u00ed v\u00fdhody elektroniky, robotiky, automatizace a informatiky. Pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed znalosti naleznete na adrese v kategorii 3D tisk<\/b> Botland Blog<\/b><\/a>. <\/p>\n

Jak funguje 3D tisk?<\/h2>\n

3D tisk je proces zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed aditivn\u00ed v\u00fdrobu fyzick\u00fdch trojrozm\u011brn\u00fdch objekt\u016f podle informac\u00ed obsa\u017een\u00fdch v souboru dodan\u00e9m do 3D tisk\u00e1rny. Takov\u00fd soubor obsahuje digit\u00e1ln\u00ed obraz objektu vytvo\u0159en\u00fd v softwaru. Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, hotov\u00fd soubor s modelem jednodu\u0161e nahrajeme do tisk\u00e1rny, aby se vytvo\u0159il na na\u0161em stroji, a za\u010dneme tisknout. Bezplatn\u00e9 soubory .STL lze nal\u00e9zt prakticky v\u0161ude<\/a><\/b>. <\/p>\n

Nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodou v\u00fdroby trojrozm\u011brn\u00fdch objekt\u016f na 3D tisk\u00e1rn\u00e1ch je FDM (inkrement\u00e1ln\u00ed metoda). Spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v doprav\u011b suroviny (filamentu) p\u0159es extrud\u00e9r do hlavy s vyh\u0159\u00edvan\u00fdm kovov\u00fdm blokem. Zde se filament roztav\u00ed a doprav\u00ed do v\u00fdstupn\u00ed trysky o mal\u00e9m pr\u016fm\u011bru, odkud je roztaven\u00fd materi\u00e1l veden do tiskov\u00e9 z\u00f3ny. Roztaven\u00fd filament se rozprost\u0159e ve vrstv\u00e1ch ve spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed a ve spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m rozli\u0161en\u00ed. V\u00edce pod dla\u017edic\u00ed n\u00ed\u017ee. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Extruder v 3D tisk\u00e1rn\u011b<\/h2>\n

Jednou z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed konstrukce 3D tisk\u00e1ren je extruder. \u00dakolem extrud\u00e9ru je odeb\u00edrat filament z c\u00edvky a \u010derpat jej p\u0159es p\u0159esn\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 kolo poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 krokov\u00fdm motorem. <\/p>\n

Typick\u00e9 konstrukce pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dva porty – studen\u00fd a hork\u00fd port. Filament je nejprve p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bn do studen\u00e9ho portu, pot\u00e9 do hork\u00e9ho portu s topn\u00fdm blokem a nakonec do distribu\u010dn\u00ed trysky v tiskov\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b. Vytla\u010dovac\u00ed mechanismus je namontov\u00e1n na pohybliv\u00e9m r\u00e1mu, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje trojrozm\u011brn\u00fd pohyb vytla\u010dovac\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v prostoru. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Tisk\u00e1rensk\u00fd extrud\u00e9r Flashforge Adventurer 3<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Topn\u00fd blok a v\u00fdfukov\u00e1 tryska v 3D tisk\u00e1rn\u011b<\/h2>\n

Filament je termoplastick\u00fd materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd m\u011bn\u00ed svou strukturu vlivem teploty. Po po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm roztaven\u00ed v extrud\u00e9ru se filament dostane do topn\u00e9ho bloku, kde zm\u011bn\u00ed svou konzistenci na \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b kapalnou. V\u00fdsledkem je p\u0159esn\u00e9 rozvr\u017een\u00ed tisku po jednotliv\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch. Vl\u00e1kno roztaven\u00e9ho filamentu vst\u0159ikovan\u00e9 z trysky do tiskov\u00e9 z\u00f3ny m\u00e1 mnohem men\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br, ne\u017e je po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br materi\u00e1lu vstupuj\u00edc\u00edho do extrud\u00e9ru. Aby bylo zaji\u0161t\u011bno dostate\u010dn\u011b rychl\u00e9 tuhnut\u00ed filamentu b\u011bhem tisku, je blok trysky dodate\u010dn\u011b chlazen pomoc\u00ed ventil\u00e1toru. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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M\u011bd\u011bn\u00e1 tryska 3D tisk\u00e1rny<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Hork\u00e1 hlava s tiskovou tryskou<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Vyh\u0159\u00edvan\u00fd st\u016fl ve 3D tisk\u00e1rn\u011b<\/h2>\n

Z\u00e1kladem, na kter\u00e9m je 3D ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd objekt vytvo\u0159en, je st\u016fl. Jeho hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem je zajistit, aby objekt b\u011bhem tisku spr\u00e1vn\u011b p\u0159ilnul k podkladu. Voliteln\u011b se nav\u00edc pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed lepic\u00ed a podp\u016frn\u00e9 podlo\u017eky, kter\u00e9 zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ilnavost. Pod stolem b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto um\u00edst\u011bna p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e1 vyh\u0159\u00edvac\u00ed plo\u0161ina, kter\u00e1 je nezbytn\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i tisku objekt\u016f ze surovin, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tendenci se smr\u0161\u0165ovat. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Vyh\u0159\u00edvac\u00ed st\u016fl Hotbed pro 3D tisk\u00e1rny Creality<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u0158\u00eddic\u00ed a nap\u00e1jec\u00ed syst\u00e9m 3D tisk\u00e1rny<\/h2>\n

Aby 3D tisk\u00e1rna fungovala, je nutn\u00e9 ji p\u0159ipojit ke zdroji nap\u00e1jec\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed. 3D tisk\u00e1rny jsou nap\u00e1jeny nap\u011bt\u00edm 230 V, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bno do speci\u00e1ln\u011b navr\u017een\u00e9ho sp\u00ednan\u00e9ho zdroje. Takov\u00fd zdroj vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 uzav\u0159enou zp\u011btnou vazbu, kter\u00e1 zaji\u0161\u0165uje vysokou stabilitu procesu 3D tisku, a to i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase doch\u00e1z\u00ed k v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm poruch\u00e1m v s\u00edti. Nap\u011bt\u00ed ze zdroje je rozv\u00e1d\u011bno do krokov\u00fdch motor\u016f, obvodu oh\u0159evu stolu a tak\u00e9 do \u0159\u00eddic\u00edho syst\u00e9mu 3D tisk\u00e1rny. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Mont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed nap\u00e1jec\u00ed zdroj pro 3D tisk\u00e1rnu.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ovlada\u010d 3D tisk\u00e1rny.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u0158\u00eddic\u00ed jednotka 3D tisk\u00e1rny m\u00e1 za \u00fakol m\u011b\u0159it a kontrolovat parametry krokov\u00fdch motor\u016f v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase, \u0159\u00eddit vytla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, oh\u0159ev bloku trysek, teplotu oh\u0159\u00edvac\u00edho stolu, jako\u017e i rozli\u0161en\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed parametry 3D tisku. P\u0159ipojen\u00ed 3D tisk\u00e1rny k po\u010d\u00edta\u010di m\u016f\u017ee prob\u00edhat klasicky p\u0159es USB, ale standardem se st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji st\u00e1v\u00e1 bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed p\u0159es Wi-Fi. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Filamenty pro 3D tisk\u00e1rny<\/h2>\n

Filament je surovina pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed trojrozm\u011brn\u00fdch objekt\u016f vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch na 3D tisk\u00e1rn\u00e1ch. Nej\u010dast\u011bji m\u00e1 filament podobu lana s kruhov\u00fdm pr\u016f\u0159ezem a je navinut na c\u00edvku. Standardn\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br filamentu pro 3D tisk\u00e1rny je 1,75 mm, i kdy\u017e se lze setkat i s filamenty o pr\u016fm\u011bru 2,85 mm. Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi filamenty, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159i hobby 3D tisku, jsou PLA (polylaktid), plast ABS a PETG, kter\u00fd je kombinac\u00ed v\u00fdhod filament\u016f PLA a ABS. PLA filament je pln\u011b biologicky odbourateln\u00fd a netoxick\u00fd a snadno se tepeln\u011b zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1. ABS m\u00e1 naproti tomu mnohem lep\u0161\u00ed mechanickou odolnost a je pru\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, a\u010dkoli m\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bod t\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e PLA a p\u0159i tisku s touto plst\u00ed mus\u00edme nav\u00edc zajistit ods\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdpar\u016f s HEPA filtrem, abychom odstranili karcinogenn\u00ed v\u00fdpary ABS. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Filamenty pro 3D tisk\u00e1rny<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Jak za\u010d\u00edt s 3D tiskem?<\/h2>\n

Pokud s 3D tiskem za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1te, ale je\u0161t\u011b nejste obezn\u00e1meni s vlastn\u00ed tvorbou 3D objekt\u016f, zkuste si nejprve st\u00e1hnout a vytisknout n\u011bkter\u00e9 hotov\u00e9 vzorov\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy objekt\u016f. N\u00e1vrhy si m\u016f\u017eete st\u00e1hnout z webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek v\u011bnovan\u00fdch 3D tisku. Jednou z nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch str\u00e1nek tohoto typu je nap\u0159. repozit\u00e1\u0159  Thingiverse<\/a><\/b>. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o sb\u00edrku v\u00edce ne\u017e dvou milion\u016f soubor\u016f ve form\u00e1tu STL, mezi kter\u00fdmi najdete doslova v\u0161e.  <\/p>\n

A pokud v\u00e1s zaj\u00edm\u00e1 modelov\u00e1n\u00ed jako takov\u00e9, spole\u010dnost Botland pro v\u00e1s p\u0159ipravila bezplatn\u00fd kurz Fusion 360.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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3D a CNC tisk<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00ed a n\u00e1hradn\u00ed d\u00edly<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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A zde mo\u017enost pro ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed<\/a><\/b>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tZkontrolujte ceny 3D tisk\u00e1ren<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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