{"id":94042,"date":"2023-09-18T14:00:06","date_gmt":"2023-09-18T12:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/ogniwo-peltiera-co-to-jest-i-do-czego-sluzy\/"},"modified":"2026-04-08T11:06:02","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T09:06:02","slug":"peltieruv-clanek-co-to-je-a-k-cemu-se-pouziva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/peltieruv-clanek-co-to-je-a-k-cemu-se-pouziva\/","title":{"rendered":"Peltier\u016fv \u010dl\u00e1nek – co to je a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1?"},"content":{"rendered":"\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> 3<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t
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Zaj\u00edmalo v\u00e1s n\u011bkdy, jak funguj\u00ed mal\u00e9 p\u0159enosn\u00e9 chladni\u010dky nebo USB oh\u0159\u00edva\u010de n\u00e1poj\u016f? Odpov\u011bd\u00ed na tyto ot\u00e1zky je Peltier\u016fv \u010dl\u00e1nek<\/strong>. Zveme v\u00e1s k odhalen\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed tohoto mal\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd vliv na n\u00e1\u0161 ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot i mimo n\u011bj. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Peltier\u016fv \u010dl\u00e1nek - historie objevu a definice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Peltier\u016fv \u010dl\u00e1nek<\/strong><\/a>, kter\u00fd se dnes hojn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v mnoha oblastech techniky, vd\u011b\u010d\u00ed za sv\u00e9 jm\u00e9no francouzsk\u00e9mu hodin\u00e1\u0159i a fyzikovi Jeanu Charlesi Athanasi Peltierovi<\/strong>. Jeho jm\u00e9no je dnes neodmysliteln\u011b spojeno s jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch objev\u016f v oblasti termodynamiky. <\/p>\n

Peltier se narodil v roce 1785 ve Francii. A\u010dkoli byl profes\u00ed hodin\u00e1\u0159, jeho skute\u010dnou v\u00e1\u0161n\u00ed byla fyzika<\/strong>. Ve sv\u00e9 mal\u00e9 d\u00edln\u011b experimentoval s elekt\u0159inou. <\/p>\n

V roce 1834 Peltier objevil neobvykl\u00fd jev. V\u0161iml si, \u017ee kdy\u017e spojen\u00edm dvou r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f prot\u00e9k\u00e1 proud, m\u016f\u017ee teplota spoje stoupat nebo klesat. To p\u0159\u00edmo souviselo se sm\u011brem toku proudu. Tento objev, dnes zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Peltier\u016fv jev<\/strong>, byl p\u0159evratn\u00fd. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento jev je z\u00e1kladem Peltierova \u010dl\u00e1nku. <\/p>\n

Tento jev p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje elektrickou energii p\u0159\u00edmo na teplo nebo chlad, co\u017e m\u00e1 mnoho praktick\u00fdch vyu\u017eit\u00ed, od chlazen\u00ed elektronick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stek p\u0159es mal\u00e9 p\u0159enosn\u00e9 ledni\u010dky a\u017e po oh\u0159\u00edva\u010de n\u00e1poj\u016f. To v\u0161e d\u00edky pozoruhodn\u00e9mu objevu Jeana Charlese Athanase’ Peltiera, kter\u00fd, p\u0159esto\u017ee nebyl form\u00e1ln\u011b vzd\u011blan\u00fdm v\u011bdcem, p\u0159isp\u011bl k v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b na\u0161eho ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed termodynamiky. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Peltier\u016fv \u010dl\u00e1nek - stru\u010dn\u00e1 definice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Peltier\u016fv \u010dl\u00e1nek<\/strong>, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako Peltier\u016fv modul<\/strong>, je typ termoelektrick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje elektrickou energii na tepelnou prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jevu zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho jako Peltier\u016fv jev. Tento jev popisuje zm\u011bnu teploty na rozhran\u00ed dvou r\u016fzn\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, kdy\u017e jimi prot\u00e9k\u00e1 elektrick\u00fd proud. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Peltier\u016fv \u010dl\u00e1nek - sch\u00e9ma konstrukce a princip \u010dinnosti<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Peltier\u016fv \u010dl\u00e1nek m\u00e1 jednoduchou konstrukci, ale nab\u00edz\u00ed p\u016fsobiv\u00e9 mo\u017enosti. Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se z \u0159ady vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojen\u00fdch dvojic polovodi\u010d\u016f, obvykle plast\u016f n-type i p-type,<\/strong> kter\u00e9 jsou vlo\u017eeny mezi dv\u011b keramick\u00e9 desky. Tyto desky funguj\u00ed jako elektrick\u00fd izolant a z\u00e1rove\u0148 vedou teplo, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd p\u0159enos tepla z jedn\u00e9 strany za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na druhou. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Fungov\u00e1n\u00ed Peltierova \u010dl\u00e1nku je zalo\u017eeno na Peltierov\u011b jevu<\/strong>. Kdy\u017e \u010dl\u00e1nkem prot\u00e9k\u00e1 elektrick\u00fd proud, elektrony nebo d\u00edry (v z\u00e1vislosti na typu polovodi\u010de) jsou “\u010derp\u00e1ny” z jedn\u00e9 strany polovodi\u010de na druhou. Tento tok tepla z jedn\u00e9 strany na druhou zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee se jedna strana \u010dl\u00e1nku ochlazuje (absorbuje teplo) a druh\u00e1 strana se zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 (odevzd\u00e1v\u00e1 teplo). <\/p>\n

Zm\u011bna sm\u011bru proudu zp\u016fsob\u00ed zm\u011bnu sm\u011bru p\u0159enosu tepla, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee Peltier\u016fv \u010dl\u00e1nek lze pou\u017e\u00edt jak k chlazen\u00ed, tak k oh\u0159evu. Peltierovy \u010dl\u00e1nky se proto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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TEC1-12715 12V \/ 12A Peltier\u016fv \u010dl\u00e1nek.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Co jsou plasty typu n a p?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Materi\u00e1ly n-type i p-type<\/strong> jsou pojmy pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v oblasti polovodi\u010d\u016f. Materi\u00e1l typu n je polovodi\u010d, do kter\u00e9ho bylo p\u0159id\u00e1no mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed jin\u00e9ho prvku, aby se zv\u00fd\u0161il po\u010det voln\u00fdch elektron\u016f – z\u00e1porn\u00fdch nosi\u010d\u016f n\u00e1boje. Materi\u00e1l typu p m\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd po\u010det “d\u011br”, co\u017e jsou efektivn\u00ed kladn\u00e9 nosi\u010de n\u00e1boje. Integrace t\u011bchto dvou typ\u016f polovodi\u010d\u016f umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159et elektronick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jako jsou Peltierovy \u010dl\u00e1nky. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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P\u0159\u00edklady pou\u017eit\u00ed Peltierov\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f v praxi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Peltier\u016fv \u010dl\u00e1nek m\u00e1 d\u00edky sv\u00e9 schopnosti p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovat elektrickou energii na teplo nebo chlazen\u00ed \u0159adu praktick\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed. N\u00ed\u017ee uv\u00e1d\u00edme n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f: <\/p>\n

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  1. Chlazen\u00ed elektroniky<\/span> – Peltierovy \u010dl\u00e1nky se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k chlazen\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch komponent, zejm\u00e9na procesor\u016f. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 kompaktn\u00ed konstrukci jsou ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro pou\u017eit\u00ed ve st\u00edsn\u011bn\u00fdch prostorech. <\/li>\n
  2. P\u0159enosn\u00e9 chladni\u010dky a oh\u0159\u00edva\u010de<\/span> – mal\u00e9 p\u0159enosn\u00e9 chladni\u010dky a oh\u0159\u00edva\u010de n\u00e1poj\u016f \u010dasto vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed Peltier\u016fv jev k chlazen\u00ed nebo oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho obsahu.<\/li>\n
  3. Klimatiza\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my<\/span> – v n\u011bkter\u00fdch klimatiza\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech lze k chlazen\u00ed vzduchu pou\u017e\u00edt Peltierovy \u010dl\u00e1nky.<\/li>\n
  4. Medic\u00edna a v\u011bda<\/span> – Peltierovy \u010dl\u00e1nky se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v mnoha v\u011bdeck\u00fdch a l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u00edch pro p\u0159esnou regulaci teploty, jako jsou termocyklery pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v technologii PCR nebo p\u0159\u00edstroje pro terapeutickou hypotermii.<\/li>\n
  5. Teplotn\u00ed senzory<\/span> – d\u00edky reverzibilit\u011b Peltierova jevu lze \u010dl\u00e1nky pou\u017e\u00edt tak\u00e9 jako teplotn\u00ed senzory, kter\u00e9 generuj\u00ed proud \u00fam\u011brn\u00fd rozd\u00edlu teplot.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    To je jen n\u011bkolik z mnoha aplikac\u00ed Peltierova \u010dl\u00e1nku, kter\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed jeho v\u0161estrannost a v\u00fdznam v dne\u0161n\u00ed technologii.<\/p>\n

    Peltier\u016fv modul je bezpochyby p\u0159evratn\u00fdm objevem. P\u0159esto\u017ee jej p\u0159ed 200 lety vynalezl francouzsk\u00fd hodin\u00e1\u0159 a fyzik Jean Peltier, dodnes se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 a je nepostradateln\u00fd v mnoha technologi\u00edch. Je p\u0159\u00edkladem toho, jak v\u00e1\u0161e\u0148 a snaha o dosa\u017een\u00ed vlastn\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f mohou v\u00e9st k objev\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jsou p\u0159evratn\u00e9 pro cel\u00e9 lidstvo. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Zaj\u00edmalo v\u00e1s n\u011bkdy, jak funguj\u00ed mal\u00e9 p\u0159enosn\u00e9 chladni\u010dky nebo USB oh\u0159\u00edva\u010de n\u00e1poj\u016f? Odpov\u011bd\u00ed na tyto ot\u00e1zky je Peltier\u016fv \u010dl\u00e1nek. Zveme v\u00e1s k odhalen\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed tohoto mal\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd vliv na n\u00e1\u0161 ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot i mimo n\u011bj. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":70579,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[548,549],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-94042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elektronika-cs","category-kompendium-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPeltier\u016fv \u010dl\u00e1nek - co to je a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Seznamte se s Peltierov\u00fdm \u010dl\u00e1nkem - zjist\u011bte, jak funguje, jak\u00e9 jsou jeho aplikace a v jak\u00fdch technologi\u00edch se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. 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