{"id":97246,"date":"2024-03-11T14:00:48","date_gmt":"2024-03-11T13:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/botland.com.pl\/blog\/transoptor-co-to-jest-i-do-czego-sluzy\/"},"modified":"2026-04-08T11:00:30","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T09:00:30","slug":"optoclen-co-je-to-a-k-cemu-se-pouziva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/botland.cz\/blog\/optoclen-co-je-to-a-k-cemu-se-pouziva\/","title":{"rendered":"Opto\u010dlen – Co je to a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1?"},"content":{"rendered":"\u010cas \u010dten\u00ed:<\/span> 3<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>\t\t
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Opto\u010dlen je elektronick\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1stka, kter\u00e1 hraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli p\u0159i izolaci a p\u0159enosu sign\u00e1l\u016f mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi obvody. Co to je a jak\u00e9 m\u00e1 aplikace? <\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Co p\u0159esn\u011b je opto\u010dlen?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Opto\u010dlen<\/strong><\/a>, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako optoizol\u00e1tor<\/strong><\/a>, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako optoizol\u00e1tor, je elektronick\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1stka, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k odd\u011blen\u00ed a p\u0159enosu elektrick\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f mezi dv\u011bma r\u016fzn\u00fdmi obvody a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zaji\u0161\u0165uje jejich galvanick\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se o polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed,<\/strong> kter\u00e9 se obvykle skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z LED a fototranzistoru, fototriody nebo jin\u00e9ho sv\u011btlocitliv\u00e9ho prvku uzav\u0159en\u00e9ho v jednom krytu. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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V praxi to funguje tak, \u017ee LED dioda<\/strong> vyza\u0159uje sv\u011btlo, kdy\u017e j\u00ed prot\u00e9k\u00e1 proud. Toto sv\u011btlo je pak detekov\u00e1no sv\u011btlocitliv\u00fdm prvkem<\/strong>, kter\u00fd v reakci na n\u011bj generuje elektrick\u00fd proud. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem je elektrick\u00fd sign\u00e1l p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en z jedn\u00e9 strany na druhou, ale bez p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho spojen\u00ed, co\u017e minimalizuje riziko ru\u0161en\u00ed nebo p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Opto\u010dlen<\/strong> se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v obvodech, kde je vy\u017eadov\u00e1na vysok\u00e1 izolace mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1stmi obvodu, nap\u0159\u00edklad v nap\u00e1jec\u00edch zdroj\u00edch, \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch syst\u00e9mech, komunika\u010dn\u00edch rozhran\u00edch nebo bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech. D\u00edky sv\u00fdm vlastnostem jsou opto\u010dleny nenahraditeln\u00e9 v mnoha oblastech techniky. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
PC817 jednokan\u00e1lov\u00fd opto\u010dlen - THT - 10 ks.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPOD\u00cdVEJTE SE NA<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Jak\u00e9 jsou typy opto\u010dlen\u016f?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Opto\u010dlen se dod\u00e1v\u00e1 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch variant\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 vyhovuj\u00ed specifick\u00fdm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m a aplikac\u00edm. Zde jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch typ\u016f: <\/p>\n

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  1. Fototranzistory <\/span>– jedn\u00e1 se o nejz\u00e1kladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed opto\u010dlen, kter\u00fd se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z LED a fototranzistoru. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v signaliza\u010dn\u00edch a \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch obvodech. <\/li>\n
  2. Fototriangov\u00e9 opto\u010dleny<\/span> – m\u00edsto fototranzistoru pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed fototriak . \u010casto se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch a nap\u00e1jec\u00edch syst\u00e9mech. <\/li>\n
  3. Fotodiodov\u00e9 opto\u010dleny<\/span> – v t\u011bchto opto\u010dlenech je p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00edm prvkem fotodioda. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se v pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00edch m\u011b\u0159ic\u00edch aplikac\u00edch. <\/li>\n
  4. Fotodarlingtonov\u00e9 opto\u010dlen <\/span>– jedn\u00e1 se o opto\u010dleny, jejich\u017e p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00edm prvkem je Darlingtonovo pole fototranzistor\u016f. Nab\u00edzej\u00ed velmi vysok\u00e9 proudov\u00e9 zes\u00edlen\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se v obvodech vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edch vysokou citlivost. <\/li>\n
  5. Opto\u010dlen s optickou AC spojkou<\/span> – tyto opto\u010dleny jsou ur\u010deny k p\u0159enosu prom\u011bnn\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f a \u010dasto se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v telekomunikac\u00edch.<\/li>\n
  6. V\u00edcekan\u00e1lov\u00e9 opto\u010dleny<\/span> – nab\u00edzej\u00ed mo\u017enost izolovat a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et n\u011bkolik sign\u00e1l\u016f sou\u010dasn\u011b pomoc\u00ed jedin\u00e9ho obvodu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ka\u017ed\u00fd z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch typ\u016f opto\u010dlen\u016f m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 jedine\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti a pou\u017eit\u00ed, proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159ed v\u00fdb\u011brem spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho opto\u010dlenu d\u016fkladn\u011b porozum\u011bt po\u017eadavk\u016fm konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho projektu.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    P\u0159\u00edklady pou\u017eit\u00ed opto\u010dlen\u016f v praxi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Opto\u010dleny jsou mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1stky, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch technick\u00fdch a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch oblastech. Zde je n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f jejich praktick\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed: <\/p>\n

    Nap\u00e1jec\u00ed zdroje<\/h3>\n

    Opto\u010dlen se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve sp\u00ednan\u00fdch nap\u00e1jec\u00edch zdroj\u00edch k odd\u011blen\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u00edho a sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho obvodu pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a stability provozu.<\/p>\n

    \u0158\u00eddic\u00ed syst\u00e9my<\/h3>\n

    V pr\u016fmyslu se opto\u010dlen pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k izolaci \u0159\u00eddic\u00edch sign\u00e1l\u016f, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a efektivn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed stroj\u016f a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Komunika\u010dn\u00ed rozhran\u00ed<\/h3>\n

    V komunika\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech, jako je RS-232 nebo Ethernet, zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed opto\u010dleny izolaci a ochranu proti elektromagnetick\u00e9mu ru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed syst\u00e9my<\/h3>\n

    V popla\u0161n\u00fdch a monitorovac\u00edch syst\u00e9mech se opto\u010dleny pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k izolaci sign\u00e1l\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se p\u0159edch\u00e1z\u00ed fale\u0161n\u00fdm poplach\u016fm a dal\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm.<\/p>\n

    Energetika<\/h3>\n

    V elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch a rozvodn\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00edch se opto\u010dleny pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k odd\u011blen\u00ed a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch stup\u0148\u016f p\u0159enosu a distribuce energie.<\/p>\n

    Zvukov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/h3>\n

    V profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch audiosyst\u00e9mech se opto\u010dlen pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k izolaci zvukov\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zabr\u00e1n\u00ed jejich ru\u0161en\u00ed a zkreslen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl<\/h3>\n

    V automobilech se opto\u010dleny pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v syst\u00e9mech \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed motoru, ABS a dal\u0161\u00edch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech.<\/p>\n

    Automatizace proces\u016f<\/h3>\n

    V chemick\u00e9m, potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m nebo farmaceutick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu se opto\u010dleny pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00edch proces\u016f.<\/p>\n

    Opto\u010dleny pat\u0159\u00ed k nejuniverz\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a nejspolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm sou\u010d\u00e1stk\u00e1m v elektronice a technice. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 schopnosti izolovat elektrick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi obvody jsou ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro aplikace, kde je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost a spolehlivost. Nejen\u017ee chr\u00e1n\u00ed obvody p\u0159ed ru\u0161en\u00edm a p\u0159ep\u011bt\u00edm, ale tak\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch proces\u016f. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Jak pou\u017e\u00edt opto\u010dlen ve sv\u00e9m projektu? Rady pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    Pokud podnik\u00e1te prvn\u00ed kroky v oblasti elektroniky<\/strong> <\/a>a zaj\u00edm\u00e1 v\u00e1s, jak pou\u017e\u00edvat opto\u010dlen<\/strong><\/a> ve sv\u00e9m projektu, je t\u0159eba si nejprve ujasnit, k \u010demu konkr\u00e9tn\u011b jej chcete pou\u017e\u00edt. Je to pro izolaci sign\u00e1lu, p\u0159ep\u011b\u0165ovou ochranu nebo n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho? Pot\u00e9 ur\u010dete typ opto\u010dlenu, kter\u00fd bude nejl\u00e9pe vyhovovat va\u0161im po\u017eadavk\u016fm. M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt fototranzistorov\u00fd opto\u010dlen pro jednoduch\u00e9 \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed aplikace nebo fototranzistorov\u00fd opto\u010dlen pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00fdkonu. <\/p>\n

    Po v\u00fdb\u011bru spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho typu v\u011bnujte pozornost jeho parametr\u016fm, jako je nap\u011bt\u00ed, proud a doba odezvy<\/strong>, abyste se ujistili, \u017ee jsou kompatibiln\u00ed se zbytkem va\u0161eho obvodu. Nezapome\u0148te tak\u00e9 na dal\u0161\u00ed komponenty, jako nap\u0159. rezistory<\/strong><\/a> nebo kondenz\u00e1tory<\/strong><\/a>kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro spr\u00e1vnou funkci opto\u010dlenu. <\/p>\n

    Ne\u017e za\u010dnete s p\u00e1jen\u00edm a sestavov\u00e1n\u00edm obvodu, je dobr\u00e9 jej nejprve vyzkou\u0161et na desce s plo\u0161n\u00fdmi spoji<\/strong><\/a>. To v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed identifikovat p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a prov\u00e9st pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 \u00fapravy. Jakmile v\u0161e funguje podle pl\u00e1nu, m\u016f\u017eete pokra\u010dovat v mont\u00e1\u017ei. <\/p>\n

    Vyu\u017eijte dostupn\u00e9 online zdroje a v\u00fdukov\u00e9 programy. Znalosti a zku\u0161enosti ostatn\u00edch mohou b\u00fdt v procesu u\u010den\u00ed a tvorby neoceniteln\u00e9. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem nejen dokon\u010d\u00edte sv\u016fj projekt, ale tak\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1te cenn\u00e9 znalosti a dovednosti do budoucna. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Co je to opto\u010dlen a jak\u00e9 je jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed? Zjist\u011bte, jak funguje, jak\u00e9 jsou jeho typy a jak ho pou\u017e\u00edt ve sv\u00e9m projektu. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":77047,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[179],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-97246","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kompendium"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nOpto\u010dlen - Co je to a k \u010demu se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1? - Botland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Co je to opto\u010dlen a jak\u00e9 je jeho pou\u017eit\u00ed? 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